creatinine

Examples of creatinine in the following topics:

• Renal Disease and Failure

  • Renal failure uremia is a syndrome of renal failure characterized by elevated levels of urea and creatinine in the blood.
  • This is detected by a decrease in or absence of urine production or determination of waste products (creatinine or urea) in the blood.
  • Renal failure can be divided into two categories: acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease .The type of renal failure is determined by the trend in the serum creatinine.
  • Renal failure uremia is a syndrome of renal failure that includes elevated blood urea and creatinine levels.
  • Diagnostic tests include BUN and plasma creatinine level tests.

• Tubular Secretion

  • Hydrogen, creatinine, and drugs are removed from the blood through the peritubular capillary network into the collecting duct.
  • The substances that are secreted into the tubular fluid for removal from the body include: potassium ions (K+), hydrogen ions (H+), ammonium ions (NH4+), creatinine, urea, some hormones, and some drugs (e.g., penicillin). 
  • At this final stage it is only approximately one percent of the originally filtered volume, consisting mostly of water with highly diluted amounts of urea, creatinine, and variable concentrations of ions.

• Chemical Composition of Urine

  • Normal chemical composition of urine is mainly water content, but also includes nitrogenous molecules, such as urea, as well as creatinine and other metabolic waste components.
  • Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration urea 9.3 g/L, chloride 1.87 g/L, sodium 1.17 g/L, potassium 0.750 g/L, creatinine 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds (proteins, hormones, metabolites).

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • Microalbuminuria between 30 and 300 mg/24h, mg/l of urine or µg/mg of creatinine can be a forerunner of diabetic nephropathy.

• Diagnostic Blood Tests

  • A basic metabolic panel measures sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, creatinine, glucose, and sometimes includes calcium.

• Pulmonary Edema

  • Blood tests are performed for electrolytes (sodium, potassium) and markers of renal function (creatinine, urea).

• Overview of Urine Formation

  • During secretion, some substances such as hydrogen ions, creatinine, and drugs will be removed from blood through the peritubular capillary network into the collecting duct.

• Acidosis

  • Renal acidosis is associated with an accumulation of urea and creatinine as well as metabolic acid residues of protein catabolism.

• Dialysis

  • The counter-current flow of the blood and dialysate maximizes the concentration gradient of solutes between the blood and dialysate, which helps to remove more urea and creatinine from the blood.

• Placenta

  • Waste products excreted from the fetus - urea, uric acid and creatinine - are transferred to the maternal blood by diffusion across the placenta.