Examples of bone mineral density in the following topics:
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- In osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced and the integrity of bone proteins is altered, increasing the risk of fracture.
- Osteoporosis is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of fracture.
- In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture deteriorates, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered.
- The underlying mechanism in all cases of osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation.
- Physical deformation can occur secondary to compromised bone densities.
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- Osteoporosis, the result of reduced bone mineral density, can lead to an increased risk for fractures.
- Weight-bearing exercise such as walking helps maintain bone strength.
- In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture deteriorates, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered.
- The three main mechanisms by which osteoporosis develop are an inadequate peak bone mass (the skeleton develops insufficient mass and strength during growth), excessive bone resorption, and inadequate formation of new bone during remodeling.
- Its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures.
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- Female athlete triad is a combination of eating disorders, disrupted menstruation, and low bone density.
- Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome in which eating disorders (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea, and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present.
- As osteoclasts break down bone, patients see a loss of bone mineral density.
- Low bone mineral density renders bones more brittle and hence susceptible to fracture.
- Additionally, because those suffering with female athlete triad are also restricting their diet, they may also not be consuming sufficient amounts vitamins and minerals which contribute to bone density; not getting enough calcium or vitamin D further exacerbates the problem of weak bones.
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- Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone.
- Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium slightly improves bone mineral density.
- As bone formation actively fixes circulating calcium in its mineral form by removing it from the bloodstream, resorption actively unfixes it, thereby increasing circulating calcium levels.
- The
resulting high levels of calcitonin in the blood stimulate the bone to remove
calcium from the blood plasma and deposit it as bone.
- Removal of calcium from
the bone is also inhibited.
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- If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself to provide the strength needed for resistance.
- If the load on a bone decreases, the bone will become weaker due to turnover.
- In summary, gender differences in acquisition and age-related loss in bone and muscle tissues may be important for developing gender-specific strategies for ways to reduce bone loss with exercise.
- Simple aerobic exercises like walking, jogging, and running could provide an important role in maintaining and/or increasing bone density in women.
- Their bodies have reabsorbed much of the mineral that was previously in their bones.
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- All the bones in the body can be described as long bones or flat bones.
- They also produce various
blood cells, store minerals, and provide support for mobility in conjunction
with muscle.
- Cortical bone
is compact bone, while cancellous bone is trabecular and spongy bone.
- The mineralized matrix of bone tissue has
an organic component—mainly made of collagen—and an inorganic component of bone mineral
made up of various salts.
- These are flat bone, sutural bone, short bone, irregular, sesamoid bone, and long bone.
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- It forms the epiphyses of long bones and the extremities of irregular and flat bones.
- Osteoblasts are also responsible for the mineralization of this matrix.
- Minerals required for mineralization and related processes include zinc, copper, and sodium.
- Osteoblasts produce bone matrix and mineral, and osteoclasts break down the tissue.
- Minerals are deposited in the matrix between the columns of lacunae, but are not the permanent bone mineral deposits.
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- Substitution of the woven bone with lamellar bone precedes the substitution of the hyaline cartilage with lamellar bone.
- The lamellar bone begins forming soon after the collagen matrix of either tissue becomes mineralized.
- At this point, the mineralized matrix is penetrated by channels, each containing a microvessel and numerous osteoblasts.
- The osteoblasts form new lamellar bone upon the recently exposed surface of the mineralized matrix.
- This new lamellar bone is in the form of trabecular bone.
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- Bone scans are a special type of nuclear scanning test that is often used to find bone cancer or bone inflammation.
- A bone scan is a nuclear scanning test to find certain abnormalities in bone that are triggering the bone's attempts to heal.
- A nuclear bone scan is a functional test, which means it measures an aspect of bone metabolism or bone remodeling .
- Nuclear bone scans are not to be confused with the completely different test often termed a "bone density scan," DEXA or DXA, which is a low exposure X-ray test measuring bone density to look for osteoporosis and other diseases where bones lose mass, without any bone re-building (osteoblastic) activity.
- The technique, therefore, is sensitive to fractures and bone reaction to infections and bone tumors, including tumor metastases to bones, because all these pathologies trigger bone osteoblast activity.
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- The basic microscopic unit of bone is an osteon, which can be arranged into woven bone or lamellar bone.
- Osteoid is hardened with inorganic salts, such as calcium and phosphate, and by the chemicals released from the osteoblasts through a process known as mineralization.
- Osteons can be arranged into woven bone or lamellar bone.
- Woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone during development.
- Lamellar bone makes up the compact or cortical bone in the skeleton, such as the long bones of the legs and arms.