bile

Examples of bile in the following topics:

• Bile

  • Bile is stored in the gallbladder, and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum through the bile duct.
  • Bile is a composition of the following materials: water (85%), bile salts (10%), mucus and pigments (3%), fats (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%), and cholesterol (0.3%).
  • The bile salts are ionically charged, with a hydrophobic end and a hydrophillic end.
  • Bile salts also act as bactericides, destroying many of the microbes that may be present in the food.
  • Bile salts congregate around fat and separate them into small droplets called micelles.

• The Liver

  • The liver makes bile, which is essential for the digestion of fats.
  • It also produces bile, which is important for digestion.
  • The bile produced in the liver is essential for the digestion of fats.
  • Bile is formed in the liver, and it is stored in the gallbladder or released directly into the small intestine.
  • After being stored in the gallbladder, the bile becomes more concentrated than when it left the liver; this increases its potency and intensifies its effect in digesting fats.

• The Gallbladder

  • The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ that stores about 50 ml of the bile produced by the liver until the body needs it for digestion.
  • When food containing fat enters the digestive tract, the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) is stimulated, and the gallbladder releases the bile into the small intestine.
  • The bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food.
  • After being stored in the gallbladder, the bile becomes more concentrated to increase its potency and intensify its effect in fats.

• Associated Organs

  • The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, the liver produces bile that helps the body absorb fat, and the gallbladder stores the bile until it is needed.
  • The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile canaliculi, which merge from bile ducts.
  • Bile can either drain directly into the duodenum via the common bile duct or be temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct.
  • The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum together.
  • The bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food.

• Anatomy of the Gallbladder

  • The gallbladder, a hollow organ that stores bile, is located under the liver.
  • The gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits beneath the liver and stores bile made in the liver.
  • The neck tapers and connects to the biliary tree via the cystic duct, which then joins the common hepatic duct to become the common bile duct.
  • The muscularis is a layer of smooth muscular tissue that helps the gallbladder contract and squirt its bile into the bile duct.

• Gallstones

  • A gallstone is a crystalline concretion formed within the gallbladder by accretion of bile components.
  • A gallstone is a crystalline concretion formed within the gallbladder by accretion of bile components .
  • Pigment stones are small, dark stones made of bilirubin and calcium salts found in bile.
  • Other common constituents are calcium carbonate, palmitate phosphate, bilirubin and other bile pigments.
  • Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile salts.

• Cholesterol Metabolism

  • The liver excretes it in a non-esterified form (via bile) into the digestive tract.
  • Cholesterol is oxidized by the liver into a variety of bile acids.
  • A mixture of conjugated and nonconjugated bile acids, along with cholesterol itself, is excreted from the liver into the bile.
  • Approximately 95% of the bile acids are reabsorbed from the intestines, and the remainder is lost in the feces.
  • This cholesterol originates from the diet, bile, and desquamated intestinal cells; it can be metabolized by the colonic bacteria.

• Jaundice

  • However, the sclera themselves are not "icteric" (stained with bile pigment), but rather the conjunctival membranes that overlie them are.
  • The blood contains an abnormally-raised amount of conjugated bilirubin and bile salts which are excreted in the urine.
  • Post-hepatic jaundice, also called obstructive jaundice, is caused by an interruption to the drainage of bile in the biliary system.
  • The most common causes are gallstones in the common bile duct and pancreatic cancer in the head of the pancreas.
  • Also, a group of parasites known as "liver flukes" can live in the common bile duct, causing obstructive jaundice.

• Histology of the Liver

  • Hepatocytes also initiate the formation and secretion of bile.

• RBC Life Cycle

  • The heme components of hemoglobin are broken down into iron ions and a green bile pigment called biliverdin.
  • The biliverdin is reduced to the yellow bile pigment bilirubin, which is released into the plasma and recirculated to the liver, then bound to albumin and stored in the gallbladder.
  • The bilirubin is excreted through the digestive system in the form of bile, while some of the iron is released into the plasma to be recirculated back into the bone marrow by a carrier protein called transferrin.