Examples of anaerobic exercise in the following topics:
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- Creatine supplements may increase anaerobic exercise performance by augmenting phosphocreatine levels and ATP availability.
- This is specifically caused by eccentric exercise altering muscle ultrastructure and sarcoplasmic reticulum functioning.
- Creatine supplements, when used in the short-term, can increase performance during high intensity anaerobic exercise that requires short bursts of muscle contraction.
- This is a reflection of the differential energy pools used for anaerobic versus aerobic respiration, specifically the prioritization of use of phosphocreatine as an ATP pool for Type II muscles, which are primarily used during anaerobic exercise.
- Though there is evidence that creatine supplementation can improve anaerobic exercise performance, it is not banned in professional or college sports.
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- Muscle hypertrophy, or the increase in muscle mass due to exercise , particularly weight training, is a noticeable long-term effect of exercise.
- Exercise of specific muscles can often result in hypertrophy in the opposite muscles as well, a phenomenon known as cross education.
- Increases in muscle mass are not the only long-term effect of exercise.
- Muscle specified
for high intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes,
whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more
capillaries and mitochondria.
- Differentiate between the short-term and long-term effects of exercise on muscles
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- Aerobic activity relies on the availability of oxygen for energy production, whereas anaerobic activity utilizes primarily glycolysis.
- These fibers are efficient for short bursts of speed and power and use both oxidative and anaerobic metabolisms depending on the particular sub-type.
- Anaerobic exercise, as in this example, prioritizes the use of Type II fibers.
- However, at higher loads during anaerobic exercise, Type I fibers can also be recruited to generate a higher force from the muscle contraction.
- In diabetics, both resistance and aerobic exercise protocols appear to be effective in reducing pre- and post-exercise blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels, but resistance exercise produced a more significant reduction in HbA1c level as compared to treadmill exercise.
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- Aerobic and anaerobic exercise work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart.
- If exercise is too intense for oxygen demands to be satisfied in the short term, anaerobic respiration will be used to make up for the ATP deficit in the muscles.
- This can cause a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles, which is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation (the most common anaerobic respiration process in the human body).
- In long-term exercise of appropriate intensity, the volume and strength of the heart are improved, which makes additional exercise easier.
- Exercise induced asthma is another common complication from too much exercise.
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- If the respiratory
or circulatory system cannot keep up with demand, then energy will be generated
by the much less efficient anaerobic respiration.
- This lactic acid accumulation in the muscle tissue reduces
the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in muscles
when exercising) which inhibits further anaerobic respiration inducing fatigue.
- With extensive exercise the osmotically active molecules outside of the
muscle are lost through sweating.
- Muscle specified for high intensity anaerobic exercise will synthesise more glycolytic enzymes, whereas muscle for long endurance aerobic exercise will develop more capillaries and mitochondria.
- Exercise throughout life can help reduce the impact of this ageing by maintaining a healthy oxygen supply to the muscle.
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- While adequate protein is required for building skeletal muscle and other tissues, there is ongoing debate regarding the use and necessity of high-protein diets in anaerobic exercise in particular weight training and bodybuilding.
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- The reaction
is slower than anaerobic respiration, which is why it is not suited to rapid
movements, but much more efficient which is why slow-twitch muscles do not tire
quickly.
- Unlike
slow-twitch fibers fast twitch-fibers rely on anaerobic respiration (glycolysis
alone) to produce two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
- A by-product of anaerobic
respiration is lactate (lactic acid) which accumulates in the muscle tissue
reducing the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in
muscles when exercising) which inhibits further anaerobic respiration.
- Regardless, repeated exercise that prioritizes one type of muscle fiber use
over the other can lead to improvements in an individual’s ability to perform
that activity through alterations in fiber composition and number associated with
improvements in associated systems such as respiration and circulation.
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- Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate, can rapdily donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP and creatine under anaerobic conditions.
- This lactic acid accumulation in the muscle tissue reduces the pH (making it more acidic, and producing the stinging feeling in muscles when exercising) which inhibits further anaerobic respiration inducing fatigue.
- Cellular respiration is not as rapid as the above mechanisms; however, it is required for extended periods of exercise upwards of 30 seconds.
- Cellular respiration plays a key role in returning the muscles to normal after exercise, converting the excess pyruvate into ATP and also in regenerating the stores of ATP, phosphocreatine and glycogen in the muscle required for more rapid contractions.
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- Along with alkalosis, these effects make up the symptoms of altitude sickness, which become worse during exercise at high altitudes (which involves more anaerobic respiration than at lower altitudes), but falls off during acclimatization.
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- Cellular respiration can occur anaerobically without oxygen, such as through lactic acid fermentation.
- Human cells may use lactic acid fermentation in muscle tissue during strenuous exercise when there isn't enough oxygen to power the tissues.