thermodynamics

Examples of thermodynamics in the following topics:

• The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

  • The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that systems in thermal equilibrium are at the same temperature.
  • There are a few ways to state the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, but the simplest is as follows: systems that are in thermal equilibrium exist at the same temperature.
  • What the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics means is that temperature is something worth measuring, because it indicates whether heat will move between objects.
  • However, according to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, if the systems are in thermal equilibrium, no heat flow will take place.
  • There are more formal ways to state the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, which is commonly stated in the following manner:

• A Review of the Zeroth Law

  • Zeroth law justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature, defined as the shared temperature of three designated systems at equilibrium.
  • This law was postulated in the 1930s, after the first and second laws of thermodynamics had been developed and named.
  • This conclusion may seem obvious, because all three have the same temperature, but zeroth law is basic to thermodynamics.
  • A brief introduction to the zeroth and 1st laws of thermodynamics as well as PV diagrams for students.
  • Discuss how the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature

• The Second Law

  • The second law of thermodynamics states that heat transfer occurs spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies.
  • The second law of thermodynamics deals with the direction taken by spontaneous processes.
  • The law that forbids these processes is called the second law of thermodynamics .
  • A brief introduction to heat engines and thermodynamic concepts such as the Carnot Engine for students.
  • Contrast the concept of irreversibility between the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics

• The First Law

  • The 1st law of thermodynamics states that internal energy change of a system equals net heat transfer minus net work done by the system.
  • The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy specialized for thermodynamic systems.
  • In equation form, the first law of thermodynamics is
  • In this video I continue with my series of tutorial videos on Thermal Physics and Thermodynamics.
  • Explain how the net heat transferred and net work done in a system relate to the first law of thermodynamics

• LTE

  • An extremely useful assumption is that the matter is in thermal equilibrium at least locally (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium).
  • In this case the ratio of the number of atoms in the various states is determined by the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium
  • Because the source function equals the blackbody function, does this mean that sources in local thermodynamic equilibrium emit blackbody radiation?

• Work

  • In thermodynamics, work performed by a closed system is the energy transferred to another system that is measured by mechanical constraints on the system .
  • Thermodynamic work encompasses mechanical work (gas expansion, ) plus many other types of work, such as electrical.
  • As such, thermodynamic work is a generalization of the concept of mechanical work in mechanics.
  • It necessarily excludes energy transferred between systems as heat, which is modeled distinctly in thermodynamics.

• The Third Law

  • According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero.
  • The third law of thermodynamics is sometimes stated as follows: The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero.
  • Absolute value of entropy can be determined shown here, thanks to the third law of thermodynamics.

• Absolute Temperature

  • Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature.
  • It is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics and kinetic theory of gases.
  • Thermodynamic temperature is an "absolute" scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point ("absolute zero") is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter have minimal motion and cannot become any colder.
  • By using the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin system), which is the most commonly used thermodynamic temperature, we have shown that the average translational kinetic energy (KE) of a particle in a gas has a simple relationship to the temperature:

• Kelvin Scale

  • The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using absolute zero as its null point.
  • In the classical description of thermodynamics, absolute zero is the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases.
  • The kelvin is defined as the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01°C, or 32.018°F).
  • A brief introduction to temperature and temperature scales for students studying thermal physics or thermodynamics.

• Isothermal Processes

  • An isothermal process is a change of a thermodynamic system, in which the temperature remains constant.
  • In thermodynamics, the work involved when a gas changes from state A to state B is simply
  • From the first law of thermodynamics, it follows that $Q =-W$ for this same isothermal process.