Examples of polarization in the following topics:
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- In the previous atom we discussed how polarized lenses work.
- The reflected light is more horizontally polarized.
- Just as unpolarized light can be partially polarized by reflecting, it can also be polarized by scattering (also known as Rayleigh scattering; illustrated in ).
- The light parallel to the original ray has no polarization.
- The light perpendicular to the original ray is completely polarized.
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- When light hits a surface at a Brewster angle, reflected beam is linearly polarized. shows an example, where the reflected beam was nearly perfectly polarized and hence, blocked by a polarizer on the right picture.
- A polarizing filter allows light of a particular plane of polarization to pass, but scatters the rest of the light.
- When two polarizing filters are crossed, almost no light gets through.
- In the picture at left, the polarizer is aligned with the polarization angle of the window reflection.
- In the picture at right, the polarizer has been rotated 90° eliminating the heavily polarized reflected sunlight.
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- Since the direction of polarization is parallel to the electric field, you can consider the blue arrows to be the direction of polarization.
- What happens to these waves as they pass through the polarizer?
- Lets call the angle between the direction of polarization and the axis of the polarization filter θ.
- If you pass light through two polarizing filters, you will get varied effects of polarization.
- A polarizing filter has a polarization axis that acts as a slit passing through electric fields parallel to its direction.
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- $For example a wave can be linearly polarized with its electric field always pointing along $\epsilon_1$ or along $\epsilon_2$.
- If this phase difference is zero, then the wave is linearly polarized (left panel of Fig.2.1) with the polarization vector making an angle $\theta=\tan^{-1}(E_2/E_1)$ with $\epsilon_1$ and a magnitude of $E=\sqrt{E_1^2+E_2^2}.$
- One could have defined an alternative representation based on the circular polarizations
- Often it is convenient to use this circular polarization basis rather than the linear polarization basis above (for example, waves traveling through plasma).
- It is possible to recover this polarization information through intensity measurements.
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- Dielectric polarization is the phenomenon that arises when positive and negative charges in a material are separated.
- The concept of polarity is very broad and can be applied to molecules, light, and electric fields.
- This constant is the degree of their polarizability (the extent to which they become polarized).
- On the molecular level, polarization can occur with both dipoles and ions.
- In polar bonds, electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than to the other.
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- Shaviv, N.J. 2000, "Polarization evolution in strong magnetic fields,'' MNRAS, 311, 555
- use the Poincare sphere extensively to study how the polarization of emission from the surface of the Crab pulsar changes as it travels through the star's magnetic field.
- The general development of Maxwell's equations and the polarization of radiation are examined in Chapter 6 of
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- This result shows that the Stoke's parameters live on a sphere of radius $r\leq s_0$ where the extent of polarization $\Pi=r/s_0$.
- This sphere of polarization is known as the Poincare sphere (Fig.2.1) and the location of the polarization on the sphere is related to the orientation of the polarization ellipse in Fig.2.1.
- which relates Stoke's parameters to the orientation and shape of the polarization ellipse.
- The two angles defined in Fig.2.1 related to the latitude ($2\chi$) and longitude ($2\psi$) of the polarization vector $(s_1,s_2,s_3)$ on the Poincare sphere.
- Because the Stokes parameters are additive and measure the energy content of the wave, they are a natural basis to calculate the radiative transfer of polarized radiation.
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- So far we have examined the scattering of polarized radiation.
- It is straightforward to think about scattering of unpolarized radiation by taking the incoming beam to be a sum of two beams whose polarization differs by $\pi/2$.
- The first term in the expression corresponds to light polarized in the plane containing ${\bf E}_{w,1}$ and ${\bf n}$ and the second term traces light polarized in the plane containing ${\bf E}_{w,2}$ and ${\bf n}$.
- They are two orthogonal polarizations.
- More energy is scattered into the ${\bf E}_{w,1}-{\bf n}$ plane than in the other in the ratio of $1:\cos^2 \theta$, so the scattered radiation is polarized with
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- The electric dipole moment is a measure of polarity in a system.
- The electric dipole moment is a measure of polarity, which is the separation of positive and negative charges in a system.
- Relate the electric dipole moment to the polarity in a system