lag phase

Examples of lag phase in the following topics:

• Growth Rate and Temperature

  • When Escherichia coli is exposed to a temperature drop from 37 to 10 degrees Celsius, a four to five hour lag phase occurs and then growth is resumed at a reduced rate.
  • During the lag phase, the expression of around 13 proteins, which contain cold shock domains is increased two- to ten-fold.
  • Bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: (A) the lag phase, when the population stays roughly the same; (B) the exponential, or log, phase, when the population grows at an increasing rate; (C) the stationary phase, when population growth stagnates; and (D) the death phase, when bacteria begin to die off and the population decreases in size.

• Generation Time

  • In autecological studies, bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: lag phase, exponential or log phase, stationary phase, and death phase .
  • During lag phase, bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions.
  • The exponential phase (sometimes called the log phase or the logarithmic phase) is a period characterized by cell doubling.
  • At death phase, bacteria run out of nutrients and die.
  • The phases of growth are labelled on top.

• Enrichment and Isolation

  • During lag phase, bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions.
  • During the lag phase of the bacterial growth cycle, synthesis of RNA, enzymes and other molecules occurs.
  • Exponential phase (sometimes called the log or logarithmic phase) is a period characterized by cell doubling.
  • Bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: lag phase (A), exponential or log phase (B), stationary phase (C), and death phase (D).
  • List the growth phases of microrganisms and the different types of growth media available to culture them

• Measurements of Microbial Mass

  • Bacterial growth follows three phases: the lag phase, the log phase, and the stationary phase.

• Slipped-Strand Mispairing

  • This RecA-independent mechanism can transpire during either DNA replication or DNA repair and can be on the leading or lagging strand and can result in an increase or decrease in the number of short repeat sequences.
  • The outcome is an ON or OFF phase of a gene or genes.
  • Through SSM the TA repeat region can undergo addition or subtraction of TA dinucleotides which results in the reversible ON phase or OFF phase of transcription of the hifA and hifB.

• Phase-Contrast Microscopy

  • In phase-contrast microscopy, parallel beams of light are passed through objects of different densities.
  • A phase ring in condenser allows a cylinder of light to pass through it while still in phase.
  • Unaltered light hits the phase ring in the lens and is excluded.
  • Phase-contrast images have a characteristic grey background with light and dark features found across the sample.
  • One disadvantage of phase-contrast microscopy is halo formation called halo-light ring.

• Regulation of the Calvin Cycle

  • During the first phase of the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation occurs.
  • During the second phase of the Calvin cycle, reduction occurs.
  • However, in this specific phase of the Calvin cycle, it is used in reverse.
  • This phase is characterized by the conversion of G3P, which was produced in earlier phase, back to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
  • An overview of the Calvin cycle and the three major phases.

• Hantavirus

  • The febrile phase begins two to three weeks after exposure, and normally lasts from three to seven days.
  • The hypotensive phase occurs when the blood platelet levels drop, and can lead to tachycardia and hypoxemia.
  • This phase can last for 2 days.
  • The oliguric phase begins with renal failure and proteinuria, and lasts from three to seven days.
  • The phase where symptoms begin to improve is the convalescent phase.

• Intermediates Produced During the Calvin Cycle

  • The Calvin cycle can be divided into three major phases which include: Phase 1: carbon fixation; Phase 2: reduction; and Phase 3: regeneration of ribulose .
  • During phase 1 of this cycle, the CO2 molecule is incorporated into one of two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules (3-PGA).
  • Once 3-PGA is formed, one of two molecules formed continues into the reduction phase (phase 2).
  • During phase 2 of this cycle, the newly formed 3-PGA undergoes phosphorylation by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase which utilizes ATP.
  • Outline the function of the intermediates produced in the major phases of the Calvin Cycle

• The Pentose Phosphate Shunt

  • There are two distinct phases in the pathway: the oxidative phase and the non-oxidative phase .
  • The first is the oxidative phase in which glucose-6-phosphate is converted to ribulose-5-phosphate.
  • The second phase of this pathway is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars.
  • Outline the two major phases of the pentose phosphate shunt: oxidative and non-oxidative phases