Examples of Innate immunity in the following topics:
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- Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.
- Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the natural resistance with which a person is born.
- Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced.
- Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity is induced in the host or passively transferred from an immune host.
- A further subdivision of adaptive immunity is characterized by the cells involved; humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies, whereas the protection provided by cell-mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes alone.
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- The immune system protects organisms from infection first with the innate immune system, then with adaptive immunity.
- Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.
- Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules.
- This type of immunity is both active and adaptive because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges.
- Active immunity often involves both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity as well as input from the innate immune system .
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- Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection.
- However, if microbe numbers grow beyond their typical ranges (often due to a compromised immune system) or if microbes populate atypical areas of the body (such as through poor hygiene or injury), disease can result.
- Normal flora bacteria can act as opportunistic pathogens at times of lowered immunity.
- This is because of their ability to become pathogenic in immune compromised hosts.
- Though people can survive with no gut flora, the microorganisms perform a host of useful functions such as fermenting unused energy substrates, training the immune system, preventing growth of harmful species, regulating the development of the gut, producing vitamins for the host (such as biotin and vitamin K), and producing hormones to direct the host to store fats.
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- Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and then develops immunity.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection, or by other non-immunological factors.
- Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.
- Immunization (commonly referred to as vaccination) is the deliberate induction of an immune response, and represents the single most effective manipulation of the immune system that scientists have developed .
- The principle behind immunization is to introduce an antigen, derived from a disease-causing organism, that stimulates the immune system to develop protective immunity against that organism, but which does not itself cause the pathogenic effects of that organism.
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- Passive immunization can be exogenously administered (artificial) or transferred from mother to fetus (natural).
- There are two types of passive immunity: artificial and natural .
- For the newborn to have lasting protection, active immunity must be received.
- Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, where as artificial immunity develops only through deliberate actions of exposure.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
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- Adaptive immunity is stimulated by exposure to infectious agents and recruits elements of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
- The components of adaptive immunity are lymphocytes and their products.
- There are two types of adaptive immune responses: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
- They are commonly associated with roles in the immune system.
- Describe the role of immunoglobulins in the adaptive immune response, specifically in humoral immunity
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- Artificial immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or by previous infection or other non-immunological factors.
- Artificially-acquired passive immunity is an immediate, but short-term immunization provided by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells.
- Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, where as artificial immunity develops only through deliberate actions of exposure.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
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- Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection, or by other non-immunological factors.
- The immune responses reach full strength at about age 5.
- Passive immunity can also be in the form of IgA and IgG found in human colostrum and milk of babies who are nursed.
- IgA antibodies are transferred from mother to child in colostrum and milk and confer passive immunity.
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- The various antigenic materials used in these vaccinations (or immunization) may be of animal or plant origin.
- Moreover, active immunization should cause permanent antigenic memory or lifelong immunity.
- Sometimes booster vaccinations are needed to provide additional immunity in certain individuals and in certain cases.
- Once your immune system has been trained to resist a disease, you are said to be immune to it.
- Describe how active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure or by vaccination
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- A pathogen's success depends on its ability to evade the host's immune responses.
- A pathogen's success depends on its ability to evade the host's immune responses.
- A lot of pathogens release compounds that misdirect or diminish the host's immune response.
- Some bacteria even form biofilms which protect them from the proteins and cells of the immune system.
- Another common strategy that is used is to mask antigens with host molecules in order to evade detection by the immune system.