transparency

Examples of transparency in the following topics:

• Price Transparency

  • Since bonds are traded in a decentralized, over-the-counter market dominated by dealers, there can be a lack of price transparency.
  • In economics, a market is transparent if much is known–by many– about what products, services, or capital assets are available at what price and where.
  • The two types of price transparency have different implications for differential pricing.
  • In summary, since bonds are traded in a decentralized, over-the-counter market dominated by dealers, there is a lack of price transparency for bond markets.
  • Most bonds are not sold in centralized marketplaces, such as the New York Stock Exchange, leading to a lack of price transparency.

• Defining Corporate Governance

• Conflicts Between Managers and Shareholders

  • Disclosure and transparency are intertwined with these goals.

• Uses of the Balance Sheet

  • These solutions are suitable for organizations with a high volume of accounts and/or personnel involved in the substantiation process and can be used to drive efficiencies, improve transparency and help to reduce risk.

• NYSE

  • They must also disclose certain information to the exchange, providing a measure of transparency that prevents insider manipulation of the stock prices.

• Corporate Fraud

  • Almost everyone in the financial world overlooked the SPEs, including Enron's auditor, Arthur Anderson, Enron's law firm, and the regulators from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).Then the U.S. government passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, which required CFOs and CEOs to sign their company's financial statements.Law's goal was to increase transparency.Transparency means outsiders can look at an organization, and know therules and can accurately assess a firm's true finances.Unfortunately, Enron was "a black box,"and only a few insiders knew Enron's genuine financial picture.On the other hand, a nontransparent government tends to be corrupt.For example, if government officials do not write down the laws and rules, or the laws and rules are vague, subsequently, the bureaucrats have wide discretion whether to approve a business license or activity, fueling corruption.

• Securitization and the 2008 Financial Crisis

  • Furthermore, the CDOs were not transparent, and many investors did not understand how they worked.

• Special Derivatives

  • First, CDS contracts are not transparent.

• Political, Country, and Global Specific Risks

  • Transparency International publishes the Corruption Perception Index, where it attempts to measure a country's corruption level.