Yuan Dynasty

Examples of Yuan Dynasty in the following topics:

• Painting under the Yuan Dynasty

  • The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) saw the consolidation of poetry, painting, and calligraphy into a unified canon of classical Chinese art.
  • A great deal of artwork of the Yuan Dynasty has survived in China, relative to works from the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasties, which have often been better preserved in places such as the Shōsōin in Japan.
  • The Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty are linked together through the development of landscape painting, as well as the classical joining of calligraphy and poetry.
  • Wang Meng was a famous painter of the Yuan Dynasty, and one of his most famous works is the Forest Grotto.
  • The later Yuan Dynasty is characterized by the work of the so-called "Four Great Masters."

• Decline of the Yuan Dynasty

  • After years of internal struggle, famine, and diminishing territorial control, the Yuan dynasty was defeated by the rising Ming dynasty in 1368.
  • The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace.
  • The Yuan remnants retreated to Mongolia after Yingchang fell to the Ming in 1370, and there formally carried on the name Great Yuan in what is known as the Northern Yuan dynasty.
  • Historians generally regard Ming dynasty rulers as the legitimate emperors of China after the Yuan dynasty.
  • Explain the events that led to the fall of the Yuan dynasty

• Kublai Khan

  • By 1271 he had renamed the Empire the Yuan Dynasty and conquered the Song dynasty and with it, all of China.
  • Kublai Khan emerged victorious and established the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1271, perhaps the Mongols' greatest triumph, though it would eventually be overthrown in 1368 by the native Han Chinese, who would launch their own Ming Dynasty.
  • However, the Yuan Dynasty often functioned as an independent khanate from the rest of the western Mongol-dominated regions.
  • Kublai Khan made significant reforms to existing institutions under the Yuan Dynasty.
  • In 1304, the three western khanates briefly accepted the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in name, but when the Dynasty was overthrown by the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty in 1368, and with increasing local unrest in the Golden Horde, the Mongol Empire finally dissolved.

• The Mongol Invasions

  • The Yuan dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.
  • The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty.
  • In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding the Ming dynasty.
  • A portrait of the founder of Yuan dynasty, the Mongolian Kublai Khan.
  • Connect the Mongol invasions to the establishment of the Yuan dynasty

• Trade and Currency under the Yuan

  • During the Yuan dynasty, trade flourished and peace reigned along the newly revived Silk Road, contributing to a period known as the Pax Mongolica.
  • The Yuan minister Bolad was sent to Iran, where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu.
  • Foreign observers took note of Yuan printing technology.
  • The Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan issued paper money backed by silver, and again banknotes supplemented by cash and copper cash.
  • But the forest nations of Siberia and Manchuria still paid their taxes in goods or commodities to the Mongols; chao was used only within the Yuan dynasty.

• Painting under the Ming Dynasty

  • During the Ming Dynasty, Chinese painting developed from the achievements of the earlier Song and Yuan Dynasties.
  • Under the Yuan Dynasty (1279–1368), painters had practiced with relative freedom, cultivating a more "individualist" and innovative approach to art that deviated noticeably from the more superficial style of the Song masters who preceded them.
  • During the Ming Dynasty, Chinese painting developed greatly from the achievements of the earlier Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty.
  • The painting schools of the Yuan Dynasty still heavily influenced early Ming painting, but new schools of painting were also growing.
  • Its formation is credited to painter Shen Zhou, who is known for using brushstrokes in the tradition of Yuan Dynasty masters.

• Rise of the Ming Dynasty

  • It succeeded the Yuan dynasty and preceded the short-lived Shun dynasty, which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty.
  • The Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) ruled before the establishment of the Ming dynasty.
  • In 1352, Zhu joined one of the many insurgent forces that had risen in rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
  • The last Yuan emperor fled north into Mongolia and Zhu declared the founding of the Ming dynasty after razing the Yuan palaces in Dadu (present-day Beijing) to the ground.
  • Born a poor peasant, he later rose through the ranks of a rebel army and eventually overthrew the Yuan leaders and established the Ming dynasty.

• The Southern Song Era

  • Under the leadership of Ögedei Khan (r.1229–1241), Mongol forces conquered both the Jin dynasty and Western Xia dynasty.
  • Kublai Khan officially declared the creation of the Yuan dynasty in 1271.
  • By 1276, most of the Song territory had been captured by Yuan forces.
  • In the Battle of Yamen on the Pearl River Delta in 1279, the Yuan army, led by General Zhang Hongfan, finally crushed the Song resistance.
  • Other members of the Song imperial family continued to live in the Yuan dynasty, including Zhao Mengfu and Zhao Yong.

• Rise of the Tang Dynasty

  • The Tang dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝) was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
  • After Yang's death, the Sui dynasty's territories were carved into a handful of short-lived states by its officials, generals, and agrarian rebel leaders, and the process of elimination and annexation that followed ultimately culminated in the consolidation of the Tang dynasty by the former Sui general Li Yuan.
  • Li Yuan was duke of Tang and governor of Taiyuan during the Sui dynasty's collapse.
  • Li Yuan rose in rebellion in 617, along with his son and his equally militant daughter Princess Pingyang, who raised and commanded her own troops.
  • On the news of Emperor Yang's murder by General Yuwen Huaji on June 18, 618, Li Yuan declared himself the emperor of a new dynasty, the Tang.

• Art under the Ming Dynasty

  • In the later years of the dynasty, Feng Menglong and Ling Mengchu innovated with vernacular short fiction.
  • Yuan desired to free himself from the ethical compromises that were inseparable from the career of a scholar-official.
  • This anti-official sentiment in Yuan's travel literature and poetry was actually following in the tradition of the Song dynasty poet and official Su Shi (1037–1101).
  • Yuan Hongdao and his two brothers, Yuan Zongdao (1560–1600) and Yuan Zhongdao (1570–1623), were the founders of the Gong'an School of letters.
  • Ming dynasty Xuande mark and period (1426–35) imperial blue and white vase.