wild type

Examples of wild type in the following topics:

• Alternatives to Dominance and Recessiveness

  • The variant may be recessive or dominant to the wild-type allele.
  • The wild-type version, C+C+, is expressed as brown fur.
  • The complete dominance of a wild-type phenotype over all other mutants often occurs as an effect of "dosage" of a specific gene product, such that the wild-type allele supplies the correct amount of gene product whereas the mutant alleles cannot.
  • Alternatively, one mutant allele can be dominant over all other phenotypes, including the wild type.
  • Example of a mutant allele interfering with the function of a wild-type gene

• Complementation

  • If, when these strains are crossed with each other, some offspring show recovery of the wild-type phenotype, they are said to show "genetic complementation".
  • Since the mutations are recessive, the offspring will display the wild-type phenotype.
  • It answers the question: "Does a wild-type copy of gene X rescue the function of the mutant allele that is believed to define gene X?".
  • Because the mutations are recessive, there is a recovery of function in that pathway, so offspring recover the wild-type phenotype.
  • If the combination of two haploid genomes containing different recessive mutations yields the wild type phenotype, then the mutations must be in different genes.

• Lethal Inheritance Patterns

  • Occasionally, a nonfunctional allele for an essential gene can arise by mutation and be transmitted in a population as long as individuals with this allele also have a wild-type, functional copy.
  • The wild-type allele functions at a capacity sufficient to sustain life and is, therefore, considered to be dominant over the nonfunctional allele.
  • However, consider two heterozygous parents that have a genotype of wild-type/nonfunctional mutant for a hypothetical essential gene.
  • For crosses between heterozygous individuals with a recessive lethal allele that causes death before birth when homozygous, only wild-type homozygotes and heterozygotes would be observed.
  • A single copy of the wild-type allele is not always sufficient for normal functioning or even survival.

• Gammaproteobacteria

  • In fact, the etymology of the family is enterobacterium with the suffix to designate a family (aceae) — not after the genus Enterobacter (which would be "Enterobacteraceae")— and the type genus is Escherichia.
  • In order to get the disease cholera, the bacteria must be able to colonize in the small intestine and a critical factor necessary for this colonization is the toxin-co-regulated pilus(TCP). 0395 is a wild type strain, showing the normal bundling of toxin-co-regulated pilus(TCP).
  • Wild-type pili are clearly visible as 7 nm fibres that form bundles @ 0.2Ð0.3 µm wide and 3Ð6 µm long.

• Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

  • In flies, the wild type eye color is red (XW) and is dominant to white eye color (Xw) .
  • Red eye color is wild type and is dominant to white eye color.

• Sex-Linked Traits

  • For example, temperature-dependent sex determination is relatively common, and there are many other types of environmental sex determination.
  • In fruit flies, the wild-type eye color is red (XW) and is dominant to white eye color (Xw).
  • When they inherit one recessive X-linked mutant allele and one dominant X-linked wild-type allele, they are carriers of the trait and are typically unaffected.
  • In this chart you can see what people with different types of color blindness can see versus the normal color vision line at top.
  • Red eye color is wild-type and is dominant to white eye color.

• The Four Social Revolutions

  • The hunter-gatherer way of life is based on the consumption of wild plants and wild animals.
  • Typically, in hunter-gatherer societies, men hunt wild animals while women gather fruits, nuts, roots, and other vegetation.
  • Women also hunt smaller wild animals.
  • In comparison with the previously mentioned societal types, agriculture supports a much greater population density and allows for the accumulation of excess product.
  • The industrial division of labor, one of the most notable characteristics of this societal type, in many cases leads to a restructuring of social relations.

• Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality

  • A hunter-gatherer society is one in which most or all food is obtained by gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals, in contrast to agricultural societies which rely mainly on domesticated species.
  • Discuss the different types of societies and economies that existed during the pre-Industrial age

• Wine, Beer, and Alcohol

  • These wild strains play an important role in the final properties of the drink.
  • Other types of alcohol beverages are made by the fermentation activity of microorganisms as well.

• Organismal Ecology and Population Ecology

  • After hatching, the larval caterpillars emerge to spend four to six weeks feeding solely on wild lupine .
  • The adult butterflies feed on the nectar of flowers of wild lupine and other plant species.
  • However, the distribution and density of this species is highly influenced by the distribution and abundance of wild lupine.
  • For example, ecologists know that wild lupine thrives in open areas where trees and shrubs are largely absent.
  • The wild lupine (Lupinus perennis) is the host plant for the Karner blue butterfly.