value-chain

Examples of value-chain in the following topics:

• The marketing model

  • The marketing model is an approach whereby companies create value for their customers.
  • This concept can be understood by applying it in the so called Value Chain Model introduced by Michael Porter.
  • A simple way to understand the creation of value to customers is by examining the following equation:
  • Value is created by increasing benefits to the customers.
  • Now you must understand how value is created for your customers.

• Outsourcing

  • This changed management requirements by extending the supply chain well beyond company walls and distributing management across specialized supply chain partnerships.
  • They had to control the entire supply chain from above instead of from within.
  • The specialization model creates manufacturing and distribution networks composed of multiple, individual supply chains specific to products, suppliers, and customers who work together to design, manufacture, distribute, market, sell, and service a product.
  • The logic of this trend is that the company will increasingly focus on those activities in the value chain where it has a distinctive advantage, and outsource everything else.

• Measuring the Market

  • Dre's headphone line, "Beats" was made the companies involved in its supply chain estimated the risk.
  • Before a commitment to a product or supply chain is made, businesses must test and measure its viability.
  • Customer value is defined by the following formula; Value = Benefits - Price.
  • The amount and detail of customer data is now mined for its value to supply chain decisions and the bottom line.
  • Measurement is key to production decisions at all levels of the supply chain

• Competition Based on Value

  • Value-based marketing allows organizations to create and sustain differentiating values that enable them to compete within their markets.
  • Value is thus subjective (i.e., a function of consumers' estimation) and relational (i.e., both benefits and cost must be positive values).
  • TCVM also creates value for employees, business partners (customers, delivery chain, supply chain, unions) and shareholders.
  • This image shows how value creation is tied to cost and revenue.
  • State what is important when shifting to a competition based on value marketing perspective

• Supply Chain Management

  • Supply chain management is the management of the network of interconnected steps involved in the provision of product and service packages.
  • Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a supply chain.
  • Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary, when it defines SCM as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally. "
  • Cash-flow: Arranging the payment terms and methodologies for exchanging funds across entities within the supply chain.
  • Supply chain execution means managing and coordinating the movement of materials, information, and funds across the supply chain.

• Properties of Macromolecules

  • As noted earlier, HDPE is composed of very long unbranched hydrocarbon chains.
  • To begin with, cellulose chains easily adopt a stable rod-like conformation.
  • The cis-double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain provide planar segments that stiffen, but do not straighten the chain.
  • If these rigid segments are completely removed by hydrogenation (H2 & Pt catalyst), the chains lose all constrainment, and the product is a low melting paraffin-like semisolid of little value.
  • Tm and Tg values for some common addition polymers are listed below.

• Reducing Waste and Environmental Impacts

  • Reducing waste by more efficient manufacturing is a key goal of management, with supply chain sustainability seen as a key component.
  • Supply chain sustainability is a business issue affecting an organization's supply chain or logistics network in terms of environmental, risk, and waste costs.
  • Sustainability in the supply chain is increasingly seen among high-level executives as essential to delivering long-term profitability and has replaced monetary cost, value, and speed as the dominant topic of discussion among purchasing and supply professionals.
  • One of the key requirements of successful sustainable supply chains is collaboration.
  • Looking to the supply chain to maximize efficiency and cut costs is a key cost-cutting measure; using the same suppliers in a tight-knit relationship saves time and energy.

• Characteristics of Condensation Polymers

  • The terminal functional groups on a chain remain active, so that groups of shorter chains combine into longer chains in the late stages of polymerization.
  • The presence of polar functional groups on the chains often enhances chain-chain attractions, particularly if these involve hydrogen bonding, and thereby crystallinity and tensile strength.
  • The difference in Tg and Tm between the first polyester (completely aliphatic) and the two nylon polyamides (5th & 6th entries) shows the effect of intra-chain hydrogen bonding on crystallinity.
  • The high Tg and Tm values for the amorphous polymer Lexan are consistent with its brilliant transparency and glass-like rigidity.
  • At temperatures above Tg, a thicker than desired fiber can be forcibly stretched to many times its length; and in so doing the polymer chains become untangled, and tend to align in a parallel fashion.

• Writing Formulas for Polymeric Macromolecules

  • The two open bonds remaining at the ends of the long chain of carbons (colored magenta) are normally not specified, because the atoms or groups found there depend on the chemical process used for polymerization.
  • The HDPE molecules, for example, are all long carbon chains, but the lengths may vary by thousands of monomer units.
  • Since larger molecules in a sample weigh more than smaller molecules, the weight average Mw is necessarily skewed to higher values, and is always greater than Mn.
  • Many polymeric materials having chain-like structures similar to polyethylene are known.
  • Polymers formed by a straightforward linking together of monomer units, with no loss or gain of material, are called addition polymers or chain-growth polymers.

• Fats & Oils

  • Since fats are valued over oils by some Northern European and North American populations, vegetable oils are extensively converted to solid triglycerides (e.g.
  • Triglycerides having three identical acyl chains, such as tristearin and triolein (above), are called "simple", while those composed of different acyl chains are called "mixed".
  • If the acyl chains at the end hydroxyl groups (1 & 3) of glycerol are different, the center carbon becomes a chiral center and enantiomeric configurations must be recognized.
  • These occur when the cis-double bonds in the fatty acid chains are not completely saturated in the hydrogenation process.