Examples of urban pioneers in the following topics:
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- The first urban pioneers in a gentrifying neighborhood may have lower incomes, but possess the cultural capital (e.g., education) characteristic of suburban residents.
- When the number of urban pioneers reaches such a critical mass, it attracts business investment and new amenities such as bars, restaurants, and art galleries.
- Once the urban pioneers and businesses have taken the financial risk out of the community, risk-averse investors and residents may enter the newly gentrified neighborhood.
- Ironically, upon full gentrification, the urban pioneers are frequently evicted as rents and taxes rise, and the young, poor professionals can no longer afford to live in the area.
- These first few suburban transplants, or urban pioneers, demonstrated that cities were viable places to live and began developing a type of inner-city chic that was attractive to other baby boomers, which in turn brought an influx of young affluence to inner cities.
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- Urban sociology is the study of social life and interactions in urban areas, using methods ranging from statistical analysis to ethnography.
- The Chicago School of Sociology is widely credited with institutionalizing urban sociology as a disciplinary sub-field through pioneering studies of urban spaces and social interactions .
- Urban ecology refers to an idea that emerged out of the Chicago School that likens urban organization to biological organisms.
- Urban ecology has remained an influential theory in both urban sociology and urban anthropology over time.
- Explain urbanization in terms of functionalism and what the Chicago School understood to be some of the causes of urban social problems at that time
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- Pioneer women took care of child-rearing, fed and clothed the family, managed the housework, and fed the hired hands.
- Historians Katherine Harris, in Long Vistas: Women and Families on Colorado Homesteads (1993), and Elliott West, in Growing Up with the Country: Childhood on the Far Western Frontier (1989), write that rural upbringing allowed children to break loose from urban hierarchies of age and gender, promoted family interdependence, and in the end produced children who were more self-reliant, mobile, adaptable, responsible, independent and more in touch with nature than their urban or eastern counterparts.
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- It was an intellectual response to the Industrial Revolution and the problems associated with urbanization.
- Classical liberals also saw poor urban conditions as inevitable, and therefore opposed any income or wealth redistribution.
- Public works included a stable currency; standard weights and measures; support of roads, canals, harbors, and railways; and postal and other communications services that facilitated urban and industrial development.
- Adam Smith was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenmentwas a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment
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- Modern sculpture emerged from Western society's attempt to come to terms with urban, industrial and secular society.
- By the 1940s, abstract sculpture was impacted and expanded by Kinetic art pioneers Alexander Calder, Len Lye, Jean Tinguely, and Frederick Kiesler.
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- The growth machine theory of urban growth says urban growth is driven by a coalition of interest groups who all benefit from continuous growth and expansion.
- Such preferences echo a common strain of criticism of urban life, which tends to focus on urban decay.
- According to these critics, urban decay is caused by the excessive density and crowding of cities, and it drives out residents, creating the conditions for urban sprawl.
- Cities have responded to urban decay and urban sprawl by launching urban renewal programs.
- Smart growth programs draw urban growth boundaries to keep urban development dense and compact.
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- The most significant of these changes was the opportunity—as a result of wartime labor shortages—to find well-paying work in cities, and many people relocated to urban areas, particularly on the West Coast with the buildup of the defense industry.
- While the term code talkers is strongly associated with the bilingual Navajo speakers, code talking was pioneered by Cherokee and Choctaw Indians during World War I.
- By 1950, this number had ballooned to nearly 20 percent of American Indians living in urban areas off of reservations.
- Military service and urban residency contributed to the rise of American Indian activism, particularly after the 1960s and the occupation of Alcatraz Island (1969–1971) by a student Indian group from San Francisco.
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- Urban revitalization is hailed by many as a solution to the problems of urban decline by, as the term suggests, revitalizing decaying urban areas.
- Urban revitalization is closely related to processes of urban renewal, or programs of land redevelopment in areas of moderate- to high-density urban land use.
- Urban revitalization has been around since European city planners in the nineteenth century began to consider how to reorganize overpopulated urban areas.
- Urban revitalization certainly provides potential for future urban growth, though the story of successes and failures remains mixed so far.
- Urban renewal can have many positive effects.
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- Census Bureau classifies areas as urban or rural based on population size and density.
- Boise, Idaho is an example of an urban area that is officially defined as urban by U.S.
- Department of Agriculture tallied over 98,000,000 acres of "urban" land.
- Urban areas are delineated without regard to political boundaries.
- In the United States, the largest urban area is New York City, with over 8 million people within the city limits and over 19 million in the urban area.
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- The first is an urban ecology model in which the social scientist considers how individuals interact with others in their urban community.
- Simmel argues that urban life irreversibly transforms one's mind.
- The first set asks how social interactions are shaped by urban environments and how social interactions in urban environments are distinct from social interactions in other contexts.
- These are the types of questions asked by Simmel and urban anthropologists.
- This changes one's orientation to the urban community.