Examples of urban ecology model in the following topics:
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- The first is an urban ecology model in which the social scientist considers how individuals interact with others in their urban community.
- Simmel argues that urban life irreversibly transforms one's mind.
- The first set asks how social interactions are shaped by urban environments and how social interactions in urban environments are distinct from social interactions in other contexts.
- These are the types of questions asked by Simmel and urban anthropologists.
- This changes one's orientation to the urban community.
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- Urban structure is the arrangement of land use, explained using different models.
- Urban residents naturally sort themselves into appropriate rings, or ecological niches, depending on class and cultural assimilation.
- This model includes blocks with no fixed order; urban structure is not related to an urban center or CBD.
- Urban open spaces provide citizens with recreational, ecological, aesthetic value.
- Analyze, using human ecology theory, the similarities and differences between the various urban structure models, such as grid model, sectoral model and concentric ring model, among others
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- Urban sociology is the study of social life and interactions in urban areas, using methods ranging from statistical analysis to ethnography.
- This is one of the earliest examples of a subcultural study that explained the organization of urban subgroups as opposed to strictly highlighting the disorganization that accompanied urbanization.
- Urban ecology refers to an idea that emerged out of the Chicago School that likens urban organization to biological organisms.
- Urban ecology has remained an influential theory in both urban sociology and urban anthropology over time.
- Explain urbanization in terms of functionalism and what the Chicago School understood to be some of the causes of urban social problems at that time
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- Within the discipline of ecology, researchers work at four specific levels, sometimes discretely and sometimes with overlap.
- There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology).
- There are also many subcategories of ecology, such as ecosystem ecology, animal ecology, and plant ecology, which look at the differences and similarities of various plants in various climates and habitats.
- In addition, physiological ecology, or ecophysiology, studies the responses of the individual organism to the environment, while population ecology looks at the similarities and dissimilarities of populations and how they replace each other over time.
- Finally, it is important to note that ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science.
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- Models of urban growth try to balance the advantages and disadvantages of cities' large sizes.
- The growth machine theory of urban growth says urban growth is driven by a coalition of interest groups who all benefit from continuous growth and expansion.
- Such preferences echo a common strain of criticism of urban life, which tends to focus on urban decay.
- Cities have responded to urban decay and urban sprawl by launching urban renewal programs.
- Smart growth programs draw urban growth boundaries to keep urban development dense and compact.
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- Ecological pyramids can also be called trophic pyramids or energy pyramids.
- Pyramid ecosystem modeling can also be used to show energy flow through the trophic levels.
- All types of ecological pyramids are useful for characterizing ecosystem structure.
- However, in the study of energy flow through the ecosystem, pyramids of energy are the most consistent and representative models of ecosystem structure.
- Ecological pyramids depict the (a) biomass, (b) number of organisms, and (c) energy in each trophic level.
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- Evolving out of the mid-20th century "Chicago School" of urban sociology, Park created the term human ecology, which borrowed the concepts of symbiosis, invasion, succession, and dominance from the science of natural ecology.
- Competition was created by groups fighting for urban resources, like land, which led to a division of urban space into ecological niches.
- Within these niches people shared similar social characteristics because they were subject to the same ecological pressure.
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- Running regressions on aggregate data is not unacceptable if one is interested in the aggregate model.
- Some researchers suggest that the ecological correlation gives a better picture of the outcome of public policy actions, thus they recommend the ecological correlation over the individual level correlation for this purpose.
- Other researchers disagree, especially when the relationships among the levels are not clearly modeled.
- To prevent ecological fallacy, researchers with no individual data can model first what is occurring at the individual level, then model how the individual and group levels are related, and finally examine whether anything occurring at the group level adds to the understanding of the relationship.
- A striking ecological fallacy is Simpson's paradox, diagramed in .
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- The focus is how to operate an economy within the ecological constraints of the earth's natural resources .
- Traditionally, natural resource economics focused on fishery, forestry, and mineral models.
- Additionally, research topics of natural resource economists can include topics such as the environmental impacts of agriculture, transportation and urbanization, land use in poor and industrialized countries, international trade and the environment, and climate change.
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- Environmental interest groups are public-interest groups that advocate around conservation and ecological issues.
- These groups advocate around conservation and ecological issues.
- Some early conservationists were members of the transcendental movement which developed in the 1830s, and represented a general rejection of the rise in urbanization in the US.
- Some of the different types of environmentalism include the conservation movement, mostly focused on preserving land for sustainable use; the environmental justice movement that developed as a reaction to environmental racism in the US and particular in urban areas; the ecology movement, focused on human relationships and responsibilities to the environment; and bright green environmentalism, which looks at technological and design solutions to environmental question.