unitary executive theory

Examples of unitary executive theory in the following topics:

• Inherent Powers

  • In the United States, the President derives these powers from the loosely worded statements in the Constitution that "the executive Power shall be vested in a President" and that the President should "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"; defined through practice rather than through constitutional or statutory law.
  • Inherent powers come from the president's role as chief executive.
  • It says all executive power is vested in the president.
  • Supporters of the unitary executive theory argue that this means that the president's power, particularly the inherent power that come with being commander in chief, are open ended and cannot be checked by the other two branches.

• The Expansion of Presidential Powers

  • The president is the head of the executive branch of the federal government and is constitutionally obligated to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed. " The executive branch has over four million employees, including members of the military.
  • Historically, two doctrines concerning executive power have developed that enable the president to exercise executive power with a degree of autonomy.
  • The first is executive privilege, which allows the president to withhold from disclosure any communications made directly to the president in the performance of executive duties.
  • In other words, they did not expect a strong executive.
  • Nelson believes presidents over the past thirty years have worked towards "undivided presidential control of the executive branch and its agencies. " She criticizes proponents of the unitary executive for expanding "the many existing uncheckable executive powers – such as executive orders, decrees, memorandums, proclamations, national security directives and legislative signing statements – that already allow presidents to enact a good deal of foreign and domestic policy without aid, interference or consent from Congress."

• The Legislative Function

  • One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to investigate and oversee the executive branch.
  • There have been concerns about congressional oversight of executive actions such as warrantless wiretapping, although others respond that Congress did investigate the legality of presidential decisions.
  • There have been charges that presidents acting under the doctrine of the unitary executive have assumed important legislative and budgetary powers that should belong to Congress.
  • They also perform the function of oversight by monitoring the executive branch and investigating wrongdoing.
  • Ideas for legislation can come from members, lobbyists, state legislatures, constituents, legislative counsel, or executive agencies.

• Perspectives on Motivation

  • Theories of motivation are of course rooted in psychology.
  • There are two main cognition-oriented theories: equity theory and expectancy theory.
  • Equity Theory is based on the basic concept of exchange.
  • Essentially, Expectation Theory and Equity Theory demonstrate the value of rewarding an employee's investment of time and effort with appropriate compensation.
  • When an employee makes a sale, the employer provides a certain portion of income to the employee that executed that sale.

• The Sovereign States

  • The federal government exercises its supreme power not as a unitary entity, but instead via the three coordinate branches of the government (legislative, executive, and judicial), each of which has its own prescribed powers and limitations under the Constitution.

• National Identity

  • The federal government exercises its supreme power not as a unitary entity, but instead via the three coordinate branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial), each of which has its own prescribed powers and limitations under the Constitution.

• "The People"

  • The federal government exercises its supreme power not as a unitary entity, but instead via the three coordinate branches of the government (legislative, executive, and judicial), each of which has its own prescribed powers and limitations under the Constitution.

• "We the People"

  • The federal government exercises its supreme power not as a unitary entity, but rather via the three branches of the government (legislative, executive, and judicial); each of which has its own prescribed powers and limitations under the Constitution.
  • Often modeled after the federal Constitution, they outline the structure of the state government and typically establish a bill of rights, an executive branch headed by a governor (and often one or more other officials, such as a lieutenant governor and state attorney general), a state legislature, and state courts, including a state supreme court.

• MacGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

  • Among the many theories of motivation is Douglas McGregor's concept of Theory X and Theory Y.
  • This is considered more of a firm managerial approach, where management will set objectives, supervise execution, and provide corresponding returns.
  • This, in theory, sounds ideal.
  • Under Theory X, management uses control to direct behavior.
  • Differentiate between the motivators in Theory X and the motivators in Theory Y

• The Power of Judicial Review

  • Judicial review is the doctrine where legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
  • Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
  • Judicial review can be understood in the context of two distinct—but parallel—legal systems, civil law and common law, and also by two distinct theories on democracy and how a government should be set up, legislative supremacy and separation of powers.
  • The separation of powers is another theory about how a democratic society's government should be organized.