Truce of Ratisbon

Examples of Truce of Ratisbon in the following topics:

• Louis XIV's Wars

  • With the Treaty, King Philip IV of Spain had to cede certain territories and consent to the marriage of his daughter Maria Theresa of Spain to young Louis XIV. 
  • However, a Triple Alliance of England, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic forced  France to give most of it back in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
  • A total of 12 conquered cities remained in the hands of the French king.
  • The resulting Truce of Ratisbon guaranteed France's new borders for twenty years, but Louis' subsequent actions – notably his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 – led to the deterioration of his military and political dominance.
  • By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) Louis XIV retained the whole of Alsace but he was forced to return Lorraine to its ruler and give up any gains on the right bank of the Rhine.

• Shifts Occurring by Addition-Elimination Mechanisms.

  • A nitrogen ylide, formed by reaction of a quaternary ammonium salt with strong base, is the reactive intermediate.
  • The Truce-Smiles rearrangement displayed in the second diagram below represents another such aryl relocation, in this case a 1,4-shift.

• Military Successes of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

  • The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian Roman Province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Roman Empire.
  • Dacia, an area north of Macedon and Greece and east of the Danube, had been on the Roman agenda since before the days of Caesar when they defeated a Roman army at the Battle of Histria.
  • The Romans were defeated in the Battle of Tapae in 88 and a truce was established.
  • With Trajan's troops pressing towards the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa Regia, Decebalus once more sought truce terms.
  • The conclusion of the Dacian Wars marked the beginning of a period of sustained growth and relative peace in Rome.

• Founding of the Roman Empire

  • Augustus rose to power after Julius Caesar's assassination through a series of political and military maneuvers, eventually establishing himself as the first emperor of Rome.
  • Octavian found Mark Antony, Julius Caesar's former colleague and the current consul of Rome, in an uneasy truce with Caesar’s assassins who had been granted general amnesty for their part in the plot.
  • The optimate orator Marcus Tullius Cicero began attacking Antony in a series of speeches, portraying him as a threat to the republican order of Rome.
  • Octavian eventually reached an uneasy truce with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus in October 43 BCE, and together, the three formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar.
  • The statue of Augustus of Prima Porta is perhaps one of the best known images of the Emperor Augustus.

• The Hundred Years' War

  • The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France for control of the French throne.
  • The Hundred Years' War is the term used to describe a series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453, between the rulers of the Kingdom of England and the House of Valois for control of the French throne.
  • Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces: 1) the Edwardian Era War (1337–1360); 2) the Caroline War (1369–1389); and 3) the Lancastrian War (1415–1453), which saw the slow decline of English fortunes after the appearance of Joan of Arc in 1429.
  • The Truce of Bordeaux was signed in 1357 and was followed by two treaties in London in 1358 and 1359.
  • This truce was extended many times until the war was resumed in 1415.

• Rise of the Holy Roman Empire

  • The largest territory of the empire after 962 was Eastern Francia, though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories.
  • Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning.
  • Henry reached a truce with the raiding Magyars, and in 933 he won a first victory against them in the Battle of Riade.
  • In 951, Otto came to the aid of Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy, defeating her enemies, marrying her, and taking control of Italy.
  • Following the example of Charlemagne's coronation as "Emperor of the Romans" in 800, Otto was crowned emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome, thus intertwining the affairs of the German kingdom with those of Italy and the papacy.

• The Peace Accords and the Legacy of Defeat

  • As a result of the accord, the International Control Commission (ICC) was replaced by International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) to carry out the agreement.
  • Thousand of refugees streamed southward, ahead of the main communist onslaught.
  • Even Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara concluded that "the achievement of a military victory by U.S. forces in Vietnam was indeed a dangerous illusion. " Doubts also surfaced as to the effectiveness of large-scale, sustained bombing.
  • Ho Chi Minh is quoted as saying, "You can kill ten of my men for every one I kill of yours...
  • Nixon launched Operation Linebacker II, a bombing campaign of Hanoi and Haiphong, in December of 1972 in order to force the North Vietnamese to negotiate a truce.

• The Peace of Utrecht

  • The Treaty of Utrecht, which initiated the end of the War of the Spanish succession, strengthened the balance of power in Europe by securing two major goals: Louis XIV's acknowledgement of the Protestant succession in England and safeguards to ensure that the French and Spanish thrones remained separate.
  • With Great Britain and France having agreed upon a truce, the pace of negotiation quickened and the main treaties were finally signed on in April 1713.
  • Utrecht marked the rise of Great Britain under Anne and later the House of Hanover and the end of the hegemonic ambitions of France.
  • The treaties, signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht, were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip V of Spain on one hand, and representatives of Anne of Great Britain, Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, John V of Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands on the other.
  • Describe the terms of the Peace of Utrecht and their significance across Europe

• Swedish Intervention

  • The Swedish Intervention in the Thirty Years' War was a major turning point of the war, where King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden ordered a full-scale invasion of the Catholic states.
  • The Polish royal family, the primary branch of the House of Vasa, had once claimed the throne of Sweden.
  • During this time, and while Sweden was under a truce with Poland, Gustav, established a military system that was to become the envy of Europe.
  • The treaty also provided for the union of the army of the emperor and the armies of the German states into a single army of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)

• The Triumphs of Tsarina Elizabeth I

  • She encouraged Mikhail Lomonosov's establishment of the University of Moscow and Ivan Shuvalov's foundation of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg.
  • In 1743, the Treaty of Åbo, by which Sweden ceded to Russia all of southern Finland east of the Kymmene River, was signed.
  • Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden.
  • This turn of events has become known as "the Second Miracle of the House of Brandenburg."
  • The expedited completion of the palace became a matter of honor to the Empress, who regarded the palace as a symbol of national prestige.