tonic or regular spiking

Examples of tonic or regular spiking in the following topics:

• Classification of Neurons

  • Neurons can be classified by direction of travel, neurotransmitter utilized, or their electrophysiological properties.
  • Afferent and efferent also refer generally to neurons that bring information to or send information from a brain region.
  • Neurons that are typically constantly (or tonically) active are called tonic or regular spiking.
  • Neurons that are intermittently active are called phasic or bursting.
  • And finally neurons with high activity rates are called fast spiking.

• Hybrid Themes

  • Tonicization is the process of momentarily emphasizing a non-tonic chord by using chords borrowed from the key in which that chord is tonic.
  • This alteration of fa to fi turns a regular subdominant chord into a chord that has a dominant function in the "key of the dominant."
  • On the latter point, if the tonicized chord has tonic function in the current key (such as mi–sol–ti or la–do–mi), the applied chord will be an altered dominant of the current key.
  • If the tonicized chord has subdominant function in the current key, the applied chord will be an altered tonic of the current key.
  • In our above example of F#dim–G–C in the key of C, the regular functional bass line would read [S+4] D5 T1, and below the [S+4]would be the symbol D7/V.

• Applied Chords

  • Tonicization is the process of momentarily emphasizing a non-tonic chord by using chords borrowed from the key in which that chord is tonic.
  • This alteration of fa to fi turns a regular subdominant chord into a chord that has a dominant function in the "key of the dominant."
  • On the latter point, if the tonicized chord has tonic function in the current key (such as mi–sol–ti or la–do–mi), the applied chord will be an altered dominant of the current key.
  • Underneath the slash notation, we label its harmonic function (T, S, or D).
  • In our above example of F#dim–G–C in the key of C, the regular functional bass line would read [S+4] D5 T1, and below the [S+4] would be the symbol D7/V.

• Modular 12 Arithmetic

  • For the purposes of antecedent-consequent relationships, a PAC is always stronger than a HC or IAC, even if it is in another key.
  • The compound (or 16-bar) sentence expands both the presentation and continuation phrases of a regular sentence to a typical length of eight bars each.
  • The resulting (typically 8-bar) presentation still has no cadence, but simply prolongs tonic.
  • Note that bar length is not the important issue when deciding whether a theme is a regular sentence or a compound sentence.
  • The key difference between the regular sentence and the compound sentence is that the regular sentence begins with two basic ideas and the compound sentence begins with two compound basic ideas.

• Acknowledgments

  • Thanks to Greg Stein not only for friendship and well-timed encouragement, but for showing the Subversion project how important regular code review is in building a programming community.
  • I'm very glad that I will no longer have to end (or rather, try unsuccessfully to end) our evenings early to go home and work on "The Book. "
  • Megan Jennings was constantly supportive, and genuinely interested in the topic even though it was unfamiliar to her—a great tonic for an insecure writer.