the Smolny Institute

Examples of the Smolny Institute in the following topics:

• Catherine's Domestic Policies

  • Shortly after the Moscow Foundling Home, Catherine established the Smolny Institute for Noble Girls to educate females.
  • The girls who attended the Smolny Institute, Smolyanki, were often accused of being ignorant of anything that went on in the world outside the walls of the Smolny buildings.
  • While the nobility put up appreciable amounts of money for these institutions, they preferred to send their children to private, more prestigious institutions.
  • The Smolny Institute, the first Russian Institute for Noble Maidens and the first European state higher education institution for women, by S.F.
  • The building was commissioned from Giacomo Quarenghi by the Society for Education of Noble Maidens and constructed in 1806–08 to house the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, established at the urging of Ivan Betskoy and in accordance with a decree of Catherine in 1764.

• Enlightened Despotism

  • The Smolny Institute, the first Russian institute for "Noble Maidens" and the first European state higher education institution for women, painting by S.F.
  • Catherine established the Smolny Institute for Noble Girls to educate females.
  • At first, the Institute only admitted young girls of the noble elite, but eventually it began to admit girls of the petit-bourgeoisie, as well. 
  • The girls who attended the Smolny Institute, Smolyanki, were often accused of being ignorant of anything that went on in the world outside the walls of the Smolny buildings.
  • Within the walls of the Institute, they were taught impeccable French, musicianship, dancing, and complete awe of the Monarch.

• Chapter Questions

  • Please explain the purpose of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and its usefulness.

• Resocialization and Total Institutions

  • Within a total institution, the basic needs of a entire bloc of people are under bureaucratic control.
  • Institutions organized to protect the community against perceived intentional dangers, with the welfare of the sequestered people not the immediate issue, including concentration camps, prisoner of war camps, penitentiaries and jails
  • Institutions designed as retreats from the world while also often serving as training stations for the religious, including convents, abbeys, and monasteries
  • The goal of total institutions is resocialization, the radical alteration of residents' personalities by deliberately manipulating their environment.
  • First, the staff of the institution tries to erode the residents' identities and independence.

• Social Institutions

  • Examples include the United States Congress, an institution that is designed to create the laws of the United States.
  • However, formal institutions do not have to have the force of the law at their disposal.
  • Institutions can also be abstract, such as the institution of marriage.
  • The social function of the institution is the fulfillment of the assigned roles.
  • The United States Congress, housed in the Capitol Building, is one example of a formal institution.

• Depository Institutions

  • Commercial banks are the largest and dominate the depository institutions.
  • During the early 1980s, many savings institutions experienced financial crisis because of higher interest rates.
  • Unfortunately, this happened to the saving institutions.
  • Interest rates rose during the 1980s as the savings institutions paid a greater interest rate to thedepositors than the amount of these institutions earned on the mortgages. mortgages are usually 30-year loans, and savings institutions were locked into low interest rates from the 1960s.
  • Currently, savings institutions are similar to banks, except different government agencies regulate the savings institutions.

• Peter's Domestic Reforms

  • The senate did not interrupt the activity and was the permanent operating state body.
  • While all these administrative reforms aimed to weaken the position of the old boyar class, they also moved Russia towards the authoritarian rule, where power was largely concentrated in the hand of the head of the state.
  • The traditional leader of the Church was the Patriarch of Moscow.
  • In 1703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great established the Peter and Paul fortress on small Hare Island by the north bank of the Neva River.
  • Clockwise from top left: Peter and Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island, Smolny Cathedral, Bronze Horseman on Senate Square, the Winter Palace, Trinity Cathedral, and the Moyka river with the General Staff Building.

• The Triumphs of Tsarina Elizabeth I

  • The guards repaid her kindness when on the night of November 25, 1741, Elizabeth seized power with the help of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.
  • She abolished the cabinet council system used under Anna and reconstituted the senate as it had been under Peter the Great, with the chiefs of the departments of state attending.
  • The Winter Palace and the Smolny Convent in Saint Petersburg are among the chief monuments of her reign.
  • Work on the building continued throughout the year, even in the severest months of the winter.
  • The deprivation to both the Russian people and the army caused by the ongoing Seven Years' War were not permitted to hinder the progress.

• Institutions and Costs

  • The institutions define the rules of the game; provide individuals with information and some degree of certainty in their social interactions.
  • Should the elements of the problem change (the actors, agents, technology, information, other institutions), the institutions may need to adapt.
  • However, any set of institutions is correlated with the interests of particular individuals.
  • Those who benefit from a particular institutional structure have a vested interest in preventing changes in the institutions.
  • The vested interests have an incentive to shape the formal and informal institutions that relate to their activities.

• Pressure from the Western Institutions