The reticular layer

Examples of The reticular layer in the following topics:

• Structure of the Skin: Dermis

  • The dermis consists of a papillary and a reticular layer that serve to protect and cushion the body from stress and strain.
  • The dermis is a tough layer of skin.
  • They are the papillary layer (the upper layer) and the reticular layer (the lower layer).
  • The reticular layer serves to strengthen the skin and also provides our skin with elasticity.
  • The reticular layer also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

• Blood Supply to the Epidermis

  • The epidermis does not contain blood vessels; instead, cells in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion from blood capillaries that are present in the upper layers of the dermis.
  • The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
  • The reticular region lies under the papillary region and is usually much thicker.
  • The reticular region receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it.
  • Blood vessels that supply the capillaries of the papillary region are seen running through the reticular layer.

• Metabolic Functions

  • The integumentary system is the largest of the body's organ systems, made up of the skin and its associated appendages.
  • The human skin consists of three major layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
  • The epidermis forms the outermost layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment.
  • Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue.
  • The deepest layer is the hypodermis, which is primarily made up of adipose tissue.

• Clusters of Neuronal Cell Bodies

  • It is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex.
  • A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers.
  • For example, the reticular nucleus of the thalamus is a thin layer of inhibitory neurons that surround the thalamus.
  • One exception is the basal ganglia which are located not in the periphery but rather in the forebrain.
  • They are the intermediary connections between the peripheral and central nervous systems.

• Reticular Formation

  • The raphe nuclei form a ridge in the middle of the reticular formation, and directly to its periphery, there is a division called the medial reticular formation.
  • The medial reticular formation is large, has long ascending and descending fibers, and is surrounded by the lateral reticular formation.
  • This study led to the idea that the caudal portion inhibits the rostral portion of the reticular formation.
  • Reticular formation nuclei that modulate activity of the cerebral cortex are part of the reticular activating system.
  • Describe the functions of the reticular formation region of the pons

• Basement Membranes and Diseases

  • The basement membrane is the fusion of two lamina: the basal lamina and the reticular lamina (or lamina reticularis).
  • The two layers are collectively known as the basement membrane.
  • The basal lamina layer can further be divided into two layers: the clear layer closer to the epithelium is called the lamina lucida, and the dense layer closer to the connective tissue is called the lamina densa.
  • The electron-dense lamina densa membrane is about 30–70 nanometers in thickness, and consists of an underlying network of reticular collagen (type IV) fibrils (fibroblast precursors) which average 30 nanometers in diameter and 0.1–2 micrometers in thickness.
  • Early stages of malignancy that are thus limited to the epithelial layer by the basement membrane are called carcinoma in situ.

• Types of Connective Tissue

  • Loose connective tissue is divided into 1) areolar, 2) adipose, 3) reticular.
  • This tissue resembles areolar connective tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are the reticular fibers, which form a delicate network.
  • The reticular tissue is limited to certain sites in the body, such as internal frameworks that can support lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.
  • This is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes, and the intervertebral discs.
  • The hard outer layer of bones is composed of compact bone tissue, so-called due to its minimal gaps and spaces.

• Development of the Human Brain

  • In the embryos of vertebrates, the predecessor to the brain and spinal cord is the neural tube.
  • As the fetus develops, the grooves and folds in the neural tube deepen, giving rise to different layers of the brain.
  • The human brain is split up into three major layers: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.
  • It includes the cerebellum, reticular formation, and brain stem, which are responsible for some of the most basic autonomic functions of life, such as breathing and movement.
  • The layers of the embryonic brain.

• Characteristics of Connective Tissue

  • Although it is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues, the amount of connective tissue in a particular organ varies.
  • Like to the timber framing of a house, the connective tissue provides structure and support throughout the body.
  • Together the ground substance and fibers make up the extracellular matrix.
  • The composition of these three elements vary tremendously from one organ to the other.
  • Reticular fibers are short, fine collagenous fibers that can branch extensively to form a delicate network.

• Biology of Emotion

  • The limbic system, autonomic nervous system, and reticular activating system interact in the processing of emotion.
  • The limbic system, autonomic nervous system, and reticular activating system all interact to assist the body in experiencing and processing emotions.
  • The reticular activating system (RAS) is a network of neurons that runs through the core of the hindbrain and into the midbrain and forebrain.
  • The RAS is made up of the midbrain reticular formation, the mesencephalic nucleus (mesencephalon), the thalamic intralaminar nucleus (centromedian nucleus), the dorsal hypothalamus, and the tegmentum.
  • The reticular activating system is involved in arousal and attention, sleep and wakefulness, and the control of reflexes.