The Establishment

Examples of The Establishment in the following topics:

• The Establishment Clause: Separation of Church and State

  • As part of the First Amendment's religious freedom guarantees, the Establishment Clause requires a separation of church and state.
  • The Establishment Clause has generally been interpreted to prohibit (1) the establishment of a national religion by Congress, or (2) the preference by the U.S. government of one religion over another.
  • The controversy surrounding Establishment Clause incorporation primarily stems from the fact that one of the intentions of the Establishment Clause was to prevent Congress from interfering with state establishments of religion that existed at the time of the founding.
  • One main question of the Establishment Clause is: does government financial assistance to religious groups violate the Establishment Clause?
  • Distinguish the Establishment Clause from other clauses of the First Amendment

• Freedom of Religion

  • Freedom of religion is a constitutionally guaranteed right, established in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights.
  • The following religious civil liberties are guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. " Thus, freedom of religion in the U.S. has two parts: the prohibition on the establishment of a state religion, and the right of all citizens to practice their religion.
  • In what is called the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment ("Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"), Congress is forbidden from setting up, or in any way providing for, an established church.
  • In addition to the rights afforded under the Establishment Clause, the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment protects the rights of citizens to practice their religions.
  • The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the creation of a state religion in the U.S.

• Marbury v. Madison

  • The landmark Supreme Court case,, firmly established the basis for the exercise of judicial review.
  • Supreme Court decision in which the Court established the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
  • The landmark decision helped define the power of the judiciary as a co-equal branch of the government, constitutionally separate from the executive and judicial branches.
  • The petition was therefore denied, but more importantly, the precedent for the Court's power of judicial review - not specificially enumerated in the Constitution - was established.
  • Madison, refers to the establishment of the principle of judicial review.

• The Anglican Class

  • The Church of England was legally established; the bishop of London made it a favorite missionary target and sent in 22 clergyman by 1624.
  • In practice, establishment meant that local taxes were funneled through the local parish to handle the needs of local government, such as roads and poor relief, in addition to the salary of the minister.
  • When the elected assembly, the House of Burgesses, was established in 1619, it enacted religious laws that made Virginia a bastion of Anglicanism.
  • The stress on personal piety opened the way for the First Great Awakening, which pulled people away from the established church.
  • The dissenters grew much faster than the established church, making religious division a factor in Virginia politics into the Revolution.

• The Manager's Role in Group Decisions

  • Establish the team goal: By articulating the dimensions of the decision, including its importance, a manager can reduce ambiguity and help group members focus their analysis, discussions, and deliberations.
  • Facilitate a working environment: After the decision goal is established, the working environment must allow for meaningful, honest, and open communication among group members.
  • The manager can help establish norms about how members will interact with each other to foster constructive discourse.
  • Managers might assign roles to help structure the decision process, establish a sense of accountability for parts of the group's work, and clarify responsibilities.
  • Get out of the way: After the manager has established the context for the group to make its decision, the best thing to do is step back and let the team perform.

• Land Ordinances and the Northwest Territory

  • The Northwest Ordinance established the precedent for expansion westward across North America with the admission of new states.
  • The ordinance was also significant for establishing a mechanism for funding public education.
  • Arguably the single most important piece of legislation passed by members of the earlier Continental Congresses other than the Declaration of Independence, the Northwest Ordinance established the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward across North America with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states and their established sovereignty under the Articles of Confederation.
  • Further, the prohibition of slavery in the territory had the practical effect of establishing the Ohio River as the boundary between free and slave territory in the region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
  • The actual legal mechanism of the admission of new states was established in the Enabling Act of 1802.

• Koch's Postulates

  • Koch's postulates are four criteria designed in the 1880's to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
  • Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
  • Koch applied the postulates to establish the etiology of anthrax and tuberculosis, but they have been generalized to other diseases.
  • Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day.
  • Koch's postulates are four criteria designed in the 1880's to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.

• Settling the Southern Colonies

  • The Southern Colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia were established during the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • The Southern Colonies in North America were established by the British during the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • The first permanent English settlement was established in 1653 when emigrants from the Virginia Colony, New England, and Bermuda settled on the shores of Albemarle Sound in the northeastern corner of present-day North Carolina.
  • The name "Virginia" was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584, when Raleigh established a colony on the island of Roanoke off the coast of Virginia.
  • The Province of Georgia (also called the Georgia Colony) was the last of the 13 original colonies established by Great Britain.

• The 18th Amendment

  • The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution established prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States.
  • After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
  • The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
  • This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
  • State the practice or pastime made illegal by the 18th Amendment

• Setting a Credit Policy

  • To establish a credit policy, a company must establish credit standards, credit terms, and a collection policy.
  • After establishing credit standards, the firm must decide on the length of the period that would be allowed before payment must be made and whether or not they will offer a discount for early payments.
  • The last step is to establish a collection policy.
  • Capital: Does the borrower have enough capital to justify the loan?
  • Collateral: Does the borrower have any assets that can secure the loan?