temporal summation

(noun)

the effect when impulses received at the same place on the neuron add up

Related Terms

Examples of temporal summation in the following topics:

  • Postsynaptic Potentials and Their Integration at the Synapse

    • Postsynaptic potentials are subject to spatial and temporal summation.
    • This figure depicts the mechanism of temporal summation in which multiple action potentials in the presynaptic cell cause a threshold depolarization in the postsynaptic cell.

  • Localization of Pain

    • Also, temporal summation is a potent mechanism for the generation of referred muscle pain.
    • Temporal summation, shown in the diagram, is the transmitting of signals with increased frequency of impulse, thus increasing the strength of signals in each fiber.
    • Temporal summation is a potent mechanism for the generation of referred muscle pain.

  • Signal Summation

    • Signal summation occurs when impulses add together to reach the threshold of excitation to fire a neuron.
    • Summation, either spatial or temporal, is the addition of these impulses at the axon hillock .
    • Together, synaptic summation and the threshold for excitation act as a filter so that random "noise" in the system is not transmitted as important information.
    • Spatial summation means that the effects of impulses received at different places on the neuron add up so that the neuron may fire when such impulses are received simultaneously, even if each impulse on its own would not be sufficient to cause firing.
    • Temporal summation means that the effects of impulses received at the same place can add up if the impulses are received in close temporal succession.

  • Summation Notation

    • Use summation notation to express the sum of a subset of numbers
    • Fortunately there is a convenient notation for expressing summation.
    • This section covers the basics of this summation notation.
    • The Greek letter Σ indicates summation.
    • The "i = 1" at the bottom indicates that the summation is to start with X1 and the 4 at the top indicates that the summation will end with X4.The "Xi" indicates that X is the variable to be summed as i goes from 1 to 4.

  • Summation Notation

    • Fortunately there is a convenient notation for expressing summation.
    • This section covers the basics of this summation notation.
    • For finite sequences of such elements, summation always produces a well-defined sum.
    • This can be achieved by using the summation notation "$\Sigma$ " Using this sigma notation, the above summation is written as:
    • In this notation, $i$ represents the index of summation, $a_i$ is an indexed variable representing each successive term in the series, $m$ is the lower bound of summation, and $n$ is the upper bound of summation.

  • Interactions of Skeletal Muscles

    • Skeletal muscles interact to produce movements by way of anatomical positioning and the coordinated summation of innervation signals.
    • This addition is termed summation.
    • Within a muscle summation can occur across motor units to recruit more muscle fibers, and also within motor units by increasing the frequency of contraction.
    • Repeated twitch contractions, where the previous twitch has not relaxed completely are called a summation.
    • Explain the summation interactions of skeletal muscles and how they affect movement

  • Series and Sigma Notation

    • Summation is the operation of adding a sequence of numbers, resulting in a sum or total.
    • For finite sequences of such elements, summation always produces a well-defined sum.
    • One way to compactly represent a series is with sigma notation, or summation notation, which looks like this:
    • In this formula, i represents the index of summation, $x_i$ is an indexed variable representing each successive term in the series, $m$ is the lower bound of summation, and $n$ is the upper bound of summation.
    • The "$i = m$" under the summation symbol means that the index $i$ starts out equal to $m$.

  • Cranial Bones

    • The temporal bones are situated at the base and sides of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobes of the brain.
    • The temporal bones consist of four regions the squamous, mastoid, petrous and tympanic regions.
    • The squamosal suture separates the parietal bone and squama portion of temporal bone.
    • The sphenosquamosal suture separates the sphenoid bone and squama portion of temporal bone.
    • Finally, the squamosal suture separates the parietal and temporal bones.

  • Cerebral Lobes

    • The cortex is divided into four main lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.
    • The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception such as hearing and holds the primary auditory cortex.
    • The superior temporal gyrus includes an area where auditory signals from the ear first reach the cerebral cortex and are processed by the primary auditory cortex in the left temporal lobe.
    • The four lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal) of the human brain are depicted along with the cerebellum.
    • Distinguish between the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex

  • Temporal Classification

    • Re-measurement requires the application of the temporal method.
    • By using the temporal method, any income-generating assets like inventory, property, plant, and equipment are regularly updated to reflect their market values.
    • Identify when it would be necessary to use the temporal method on the balance sheet