temperature
(noun)
A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
Examples of temperature in the following topics:
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Dependence of Resistance on Temperature
- Resistivity and resistance depend on temperature with the dependence being linear for small temperature changes and nonlinear for large.
- The resistivity of all materials depends on temperature.
- The temperature coefficient is typically +3×10−3 K−1 to +6×10−3 K−1 for metals near room temperature.
- Above that critical temperature, its resistance makes a sudden jump and then increases nearly linearly with temperature.
- Compare temperature dependence of resistivity and resistance for large and small temperature changes
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Absolute Temperature
- Absolute temperature is the most commoly used thermodyanmic temperature unit and is the standard unit of temperature.
- Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature.
- Thermodynamic temperature is an "absolute" scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point ("absolute zero") is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter have minimal motion and cannot become any colder.
- By using the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin system), which is the most commonly used thermodynamic temperature, we have shown that the average translational kinetic energy (KE) of a particle in a gas has a simple relationship to the temperature:
- The kelvin (or "absolute temperature") is the standard thermodyanmic temperature unit.
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Blackbody Temperatures
- A blackbody is of course characterized by a single temperature, $T$.
- There are three characteristic temperatures in common usage: brightness temperature, effective temperature and the colour temperature.
- The brightness temperature is determined by equating the brightness or intensity of an astrophysical source to the intensity of a blackbody and solving for the temperature of the corresponding blackbody.
- In what regime does the linear relationship between the brightness temperature and the intensity begin to fail?
- Finally the effective temperature is the temperature of a blackbody that emits the same flux at its surface as the source, i.e.
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Blackbody Radiation
- A blackbody is of course characterized by a single temperature, $T$.
- There are three characteristic temperatures in common usage: brightness temperature, effective temperature and the colour temperature.
- The brightness temperature has several nice properties.
- The colour temperature is defined by looking at the peak of the emission from the source and using Wien's displacement law to define a corresponding temperature.
- Finally the effective temperature is the temperature of a blackbody that emits the same flux at its surface as the source, i.e.
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Absolute Zero
- Absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature; formally, it is the temperature at which entropy reaches its minimum value.
- Absolute zerois the coldest possible temperature.
- Formally, it is the temperature at which entropy reaches its minimum value.
- Therefore, it is a natural choice as the null point for a temperature unit system.
- A brief introduction to temperature and temperature scales for students studying thermal physics or thermodynamics.
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Thermodynamics
- A blackbody is of course characterized by a single temperature, $T$.
- There are three characteristic temperatures in common usage: brightness temperature, effective temperature and the colour temperature.
- The brightness temperature is determined by equating the brightness or intensity of an astrophysical source to the intensity of a blackbody and solving for the temperature of the corresponding blackbody.
- In what regime does the linear relationship between the brightness temperature and the intensity begin to fail?
- Finally the effective temperature is the temperature of a blackbody that emits the same flux at its surface as the source, i.e.
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Solid Solubility and Temperature
- Solubility often depends on temperature; the solubility of many substances increases with increasing temperature.
- The solubility of a given solute in a given solvent typically depends on temperature.
- Many salts show a large increase in solubility with temperature.
- Some solutes exhibit solubility that is fairly independent of temperature.
- A few, such as cerium(III) sulfate, become less soluble in water as temperature increases.
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Gas Solubility and Temperature
- Solubility of a gas in water tends to decrease with increasing temperature, and solubility of a gas in an organic solvent tends to increase with increasing temperature.
- Several factors affect the solubility of gases: one of these factors is temperature.
- In severe cases, temperature changes can result in large-scale fish kills.
- The trend that gas solubility decreases with increasing temperature does not hold in all cases.
- There are several molecular reasons for the change in solubility of gases with increasing temperature, which is why there is no one trend independent of gas and solvent for whether gases will become more or less soluble with increasing temperature.
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A Review of the Zeroth Law
- Zeroth law justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature, defined as the shared temperature of three designated systems at equilibrium.
- Zeroth law justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature : the common "label" that the three systems in the definition above share is defined as the temperature of the systems.
- Thermometers actually take their own temperature, not the temperature of the object they are measuring.
- The systems interact and change because their temperatures differ, and the changes stop once their temperatures are the same.
- Discuss how the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics justifies the use of thermodynamic temperature
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Kelvin Scale
- The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature; the null point of the Kelvin scale is absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature.
- The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature.
- The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using absolute zero as its null point.
- A brief introduction to temperature and temperature scales for students studying thermal physics or thermodynamics.
- Relationships between the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales, rounded to the nearest degree.