Examples of TED in the following topics:
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- Suppose we were describing the structure of close friendship in a group of four people: Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice.
- Suppose that Bob likes Carol and Ted, but not Alice; Carol likes Ted, but neither Bob nor Alice; Ted likes all three of the other members of the group; and Alice likes only Ted (this description should probably strike you as being a description of a very unusual social structure).
- For example, our eye is led to scan across each row; we notice that Ted likes more people than Bob, than Alice and Carol.
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- In a directed graph, Bob could choose Ted, and Ted choose Bob.
- This would be represented by headed arrows going from Bob to Ted, and from Ted to Bob, or by a double-headed arrow.
- But, this represents a different meaning from a graph that shows Bob and Ted connected by a single line segment without arrow heads.
- Such a graph would say "there is a relationship called close friend which ties Bob and Ted together. " The distinction can be subtle, but it is important in some analyses.
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- For example, in the output matrix we would have an element that described the relation between Bob and Ted.
- We have data on how Bob, Ted, Carol, and Alice each perceive the relation of Bob and Ted.
- The LAS method focuses on only the two involved nodes (Bob and Ted) and ignores the others.
- The intersection method gives a "1" to the tie if both Bob and Ted say there is a tie, and a "0" otherwise.
- Union LAS assigns a "1" to the pair-wise relation if either actor (i.e. either Bob or Ted) says there is a tie.
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- Let's suppose that we are interested in summarizing who nominates whom as being a "friend" in a group of four people (Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice).
- Each of the four people could choose none to all three of the others as "close friends. " As it turned out, in our (fictitious) case, Bob chose Carol and Ted, but not Alice; Carol chose only Ted; Ted chose Bob and Carol and Alice; and Alice chose only Ted.
- In our example, Bob and Carol are spouses, as are Ted and Alice.
- This helps us to see that Bob, Carol, and Ted form a "clique" (i.e. each is connected to each of the others), and Alice is a "pendant" (tied to the group by only one connection).
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- Search for and watch a TED talk by Barry Schwartz, Professor of Social Theory and Social Action at Swarthmore College.
- A TED talk given by Barry Schwartz demonstrates how to incorporate the testimony of experts to support and clarify claims made during a speech.
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- In the Bob, Carol, Ted and Alice example, we noted that two of the actors were male and two female.
- The scores of the cases (Bob, Carol, Ted, Alice) on the variable "sex" are a nominal dichotomy.
- If we are looking at the network of "spouse" ties among Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice, one would note that ties exist for male-female pairs, but not (in our example) for female-female or male-male pairs.
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- Suppose that we had measured two relations among Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice.
- In the example, we've selected the two separate single-relation matrices for Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice, and asked to create a new (single matrix) dataset called bda-Minimum.
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- Bob chose Ted, did Ted choose Bob?).
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- The directed graph of friendship choices among Bob, Carol, Ted, and Alice is shown in figure 5.4.
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- At the start of the campaign, Nixon had expected his Democratic opponent to be Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy, brother of the late president, but Kennedy was removed from contention after the 1969 Chappaquiddick incident.
- After a week in which six prominent Democrats refused the vice presidential nomination, Sargent Shriver (brother-in-law to John, Robert, and Ted Kennedy, former Ambassador to France, and former Director of the Peace Corps) finally accepted.