spectrum

Examples of spectrum in the following topics:

• The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • The visible spectrum constitutes but a small part of the total radiation spectrum.
  • This electromagnetic spectrum ranges from very short wavelengths (including gamma and x-rays) to very long wavelengths (including microwaves and broadcast radio waves).
  • The following chart displays many of the important regions of this spectrum, and demonstrates the inverse relationship between wavelength and frequency (shown in the top equation below the chart).
  • The energy associated with a given segment of the spectrum is proportional to its frequency.

• Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity

  • The range of bacteria that an antibiotic affects can be divided into narrow spectrum and broad spectrum.
  • Broad spectrum—antibiotics act against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, for example amoxicillin.
  • A broad spectrum antibiotic acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to a narrow spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against specific families of bacteria.
  • An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin.
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics are also used for drug resistant bacteria that do not respond to other, more narrow spectrum antibiotics and in the case of superinfections, where there are multiple types of bacteria causing illness, thus warranting either a broad-spectrum antibiotic or combination antibiotic therapy.

• Visible Light

  • Visible light, as called the visible spectrum, is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye.
  • Note that each color can come in many shades, since the spectrum is continuous.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum, showing the major categories of electromagnetic waves.
  • Microwaves encompass the high frequency portion of the radio section of the EM spectrum.
  • A small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes its visible components.

• Emission Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom

  • The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen is divided into a number of spectral series.
  • The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an atom's electrons when they are returned to a lower energy state.
  • Each element's emission spectrum is unique, and therefore spectroscopy can be used to identify elements present in matter of unknown composition.
  • The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen is divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula: $\frac { 1 }{ \lambda_{vac} } =RZ^2( \frac { 1 }{ {n_1 }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { n_2 }^{ 2 } })$,
  • Explain how the lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen are related to electron energy levels.

• Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
  • Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter in different ways in different parts of the spectrum.
  • Thus, we refer to a spectrum, but divide it up based on the different interactions with matter.
  • Below are the regions of the spectrum and their main interactions with matter:

• Dispersion of the Visible Spectrum

  • Dispersion is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths; this phenomenon can be observed in prisms and rainbows.
  • Within the electromagnetic spectrum, there is only a portion that is visible to the human eye.
  • Dispersion is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.

• Introduction

  • As noted in a previous chapter, the light our eyes see is but a small part of a broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
  • On the immediate high energy side of the visible spectrum lies the ultraviolet, and on the low energy side is the infrared.
  • An example of such a spectrum is that of the flavoring agent vanillin, shown below.
  • The complexity of this spectrum is typical of most infrared spectra, and illustrates their use in identifying substances.
  • The gap in the spectrum between 700 & 800 cm-1 is due to solvent (CCl4) absorption.

• Photon Energies of the EM Spectrum

  • The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
  • The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation .
  • This was the first indication of the existence of the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
  • The last portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was filled in with the discovery of gamma rays.
  • Also, radiation from various parts of the spectrum has many other uses in communications and manufacturing.

• Issues with the Traditional Political Spectrum

  • Numerous alternatives exist, usually developed by those who feel their views are not fairly represented on the traditional right-left spectrum.
  • One alternative spectrum offered by the conservative American Federalist Journal accounts for only the "degree of government control " without consideration for any other social or political variable and, thus, places "fascism" (totalitarianism ) at one extreme and "anarchy" (no government at all) at the other extreme.
  • An alternative to the traditional political spectrum, the Nolan Chart positions opinions on economic freedom and personal freedom.
  • Identify some of the problems associated with the traditional spectrum of political ideologies

• Power-Law Distribution of Particle Energies

  • Even before calculating the form of $F(\omega/\omega_c)$, we can determine some interesting properties of the radiation spectrum.
  • Let's use formula (19) to calculate the total spectrum from these particles,
  • This power-law spectrum is valid essentially between $\omega_c(\gamma_1)$ and $\omega_c(\gamma_2)$.
  • To understand the spectrum for frequencies outside this range and other details as well we must calculate the function $F(x)$.