Societal Development

Examples of Societal Development in the following topics:

• Lenski's Synthesis

  • In Lenski's view, inequality is a natural product of societal development.
  • In sociologist Gerhard Lenski's view, inequality is a product of societal development.
  • Human groups begin as hunter-gatherers, move toward pastoralism and/or horticulturalism, develop toward an agrarian society, and ultimately end up industrializing (with the potential to develop a service industry following industrialization).
  • As societies developed more advanced technologies and underwent industrialization, more surplus was created, increasing the potential for social inequality.

• Introduction

  • Sociologists distinguish between society and culture despite their close interconnectedness primarily for analytical purposes: It allows sociologists to think about societal development independent of culture and cultural change (which are discussed in the next chapter in greater detail) even though societal change and development are contingent upon culture.

• The Four Social Revolutions

  • Most societies develop along a similar historical trajectory.
  • In comparison with the previously mentioned societal types, agriculture supports a much greater population density and allows for the accumulation of excess product.
  • The industrial division of labor, one of the most notable characteristics of this societal type, in many cases leads to a restructuring of social relations.
  • Most highly developed countries are now post-industrial.
  • The relationship between the stages of societal development (top row) and its implications (bottom row) are complex and interdependent.

• Cultural and Societal Influences on Child Development

  • Culture plays an important role in influencing childhood development, and what is considered "normal" varies greatly from one culture to the next.
  • Culture plays an important role in influencing this development, and what is considered "normal" development varies greatly from one culture to the next.
  • The normative approach to development examines the question "What is normal development?"
  • All of these factors are important to keep in mind when examining the cultural influences of such discrimination on child development.
  • All of these societal factors intersect and interact to influence a child's development, so much so that a child from a middle-class white family has many more opportunities than a child from a lower-income family of color.

• History

  • The study of human populations has its roots, like sociology generally, in the societal changes that accompanied both the scientific and industrial revolutions.
  • Some early mathematicians developed primitive forms of life tables, which are tables of life expectancies, for life insurance and actuarial purposes.
  • The development of demographic calculations started in the 18th century.

• Cultural and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development

  • The influence of parental and peer relationships, as well as the broader culture, shapes many aspects of adolescent development.
  • The relationships adolescents have with their peers, family, and members of their social sphere play a vital role in their development.
  • Adolescence is a crucial period in social development, as adolescents can be easily swayed by their close relationships.
  • Peer groups offer members of the group the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing, and leadership.
  • Many factors that shape adolescent development vary by culture.

• Modern Trends in Marketing

  • Modern trends in marketing include relationship marketing, business or industrial marketing, and societal marketing.
  • Technology is changing at an unprecedented pace, speeding up the pace of new product and service development.
  • It is linked with corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.
  • Societal marketing suggests that, for the well-being of society, deficient products should be eliminated; products should be modified to reach the fourth category by incorporating missing short-term benefits into salutary products and long-term benefits into pleasing products; and a company's ultimate goal should be to develop desirable products.
  • Modern trends in marketing include relationship marketing, industrial marketing, and societal marketing.

• Societal Role and Nonprofits

  • Non-profit marketing focuses on goals in education, youth development, environmental protection, healthcare, poverty and spirituality.
  • Non-profit marketing seeks to accomplish goals that can cover a wide range of focus areas including education, youth development, environmental protection, healthcare, poverty and spirituality.
  • However, companies that adopt fair trade or environmental sustainability business practices also develop organizational philosophies that consider its obligations to the communities they impact.
  • The marketing message, especially one based on societal benefit or good, shapes consumer buying decisions.
  • Identify, from a marketing perspective the societal role of non-profit organizations as stand alone organizations and in collaboration with for profit companies, and how a marketing message can be used as a benefit to consumers and society

• Aging is Both Biological and Sociological

  • Aging may be seen as a relatively objective biological process whereby one becomes older and experiences varied biological developments.
  • Aging may also be seen as a subjective series of social processes whereby people interpret, negotiate, and make sense of biological development in relation to existing conceptualizations of what it means to be a certain age.
  • However, this child born in the United States in 1980 will experience social development characterized by many factors.
  • As a result, this child's biological age (how far from birth one is) may or may not match this child's subjective age (how old he/she feels and what responsibilities develop at what age).
  • Additionally, this child may not align with societal age norms by not doing what society expects the child to do at certain ages.Aging is a complex process of subjective biological and social realities intertwined with relatively objective biological and social standards that shift within and between historical and cultural periods.

• Social Innovation

  • Social innovation refers to new strategies, concepts, ideas, and organizations that meet societal needs of all kinds.
  • Prominent social innovators include Bangladeshi Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank, which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
  • Social innovation refers to new strategies, concepts, ideas, and organizations that extend and strengthen civil society or meet societal needs of all kinds—from working conditions and education to community development and health.
  • The University of Chicago sought to develop social innovations that would address and ameliorate the immense problems caused by poverty in a largely immigrant city around the turn of the 20th century.
  • Prominent social innovators include Bangladeshi Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank, who pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.