social change

Examples of social change in the following topics:

• External Sources of Social Change

  • Social change is influenced by random as well as systematic factors, such as government, available resources, and natural environment.
  • Basically, social change comes from two sources.
  • On the whole, social change is usually a combination of systematic factors along with some random or unique factors.
  • There are many theories of social change.
  • Generally, a theory of change should include elements such as structural aspects of change (like population shifts), processes and mechanisms of social change, and directions of change.

• Social Movements

  • Social movements are broad alliances of people connected through a shared interest in either stopping or instigating social change.
  • Social movements are broad alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in social change.
  • Social movements can advocate for a particular social change, but they can also organize to oppose a social change that is being advocated by another entity.
  • A social movement organization is a formally organized component of a social movement.
  • Discover the difference between social movements and social movement organizations, as well as the four areas social movements operate within

• Types of Social Movements

  • Social movements occur when large groups of individuals or organizations work for or against change in social and/or political matters.
  • Social movements are a specific type of group action in which large informal groups of individuals or organizations work for or against change in specific political or social issues.
  • Social movements can be aimed at change on an individual level, e.g.
  • Social movements can also advocate for minor changes such as tougher restrictions on drunk driving (see MADD) or radical changes like prohibition.
  • Violent movements resort to violence when seeking social change.

• Types of Social Movements

  • Aberle described four types of social movements based upon two characteristics: (1) who is the movement attempting to change and (2) how much change is being advocated.
  • Social movements can be aimed at change on an individual level (e.g., AA) or change on a broader, group or even societal level (e.g., anti-globalization).
  • Social movements can also advocate for minor changes (e.g., tougher restrictions on drunk driving; see MADD) or radical changes (e.g., prohibition).

• Introduction

  • Social movements are any broad social alliances of people who are connected through their shared interest in blocking or affecting social change.
  • Social movements do not have to be formally organized.
  • A distinction is drawn between social movements and social movement organizations (SMOs).
  • A social movement organization is a formally organized component of a social movement.
  • Thus, the social movement may be a push toward veganism (an effort with numerous motivations) and PETA is an SMO working within the broader social movement.

• A Revisionist Theory of Conceptual Change: A Holistic View

  • Pintrich et al. refer to this approach as "cold conceptual change," because it ignores the affective (e.g., motivation, values, interests) and social components of learning.
  • Strike and Posner (1992) also recognized similar deficiencies in their original conceptual change theory and suggested that affective and social issues affect conceptual change.
  • Social constructivist and cognitive apprenticeship perspectives have also influenced conceptual change theory (Hewson, Beeth, & Thorley, 1998).
  • Thus, conceptual change is no longer viewed as being influenced solely by cognitive factors.
  • Affective, social, and contextual factors also contribute to conceptual change.

• Understanding Social Interaction

  • In sociology, social interaction is a dynamic, changing sequence of social actions between individuals or groups.
  • A social interaction is a social exchange between two or more individuals.
  • Social interaction can be studied between groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups.
  • Social structures and cultures are founded upon social interactions.
  • Through this broad schema of social development, one sees how social interaction lies at its core.

• Stages of Socialization Throughout the Life Span

  • The socialization process can be separated into two main stages: primary socialization and secondary socialization.
  • Socialization is a life process, but is generally divided into two parts: primary and secondary socialization.
  • Secondary socialization refers to the socialization that takes place throughout one's life, both as a child and as one encounters new groups that require additional socialization.
  • While there are scholars who argue that only one or the other of these occurs, most social scientists tend to combine the two, arguing that the basic or core identity of the individual develops during primary socialization, with more specific changes occurring later—secondary socialization—in response to the acquisition of new group memberships and roles and differently structured social situations.
  • Socialization is, of course, a social process.

• Child Socialization

  • Primary and secondary socialization are two forms of socialization that are particularly important for children.
  • Socialization is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained. " There are many different forms of socialization, but two types are particularly important for children.
  • Primary socialization for a child is very important because it sets the groundwork for all future socialization.
  • Secondary socialization is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization.
  • Justify the importance of socialization for children, in terms of both primary and secondary socialization

• Social Marketing

  • Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good.
  • Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing, along with other concepts and techniques, to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good.
  • Increasingly, social marketing is being described as having "two parents" - a "social parent," i.e., social sciences and social policy; and a "marketing parent," i.e., commercial and public sector marketing approaches.
  • Social marketing has, in the last two decades, matured into a much more integrative and inclusive discipline that draws on the full range of social sciences and social policy approaches as well as marketing.
  • Green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising.