social capital

Examples of social capital in the following topics:

• Social Mobility

  • In this way, a person's economic, cultural, human, and social capital can contribute to their chances of being upwardly (or downwardly) mobile.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Economic capital includes a person's financial and material resources, such as income and accumulated wealth.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.
  • Social capital includes the advantages conferred by one's social network, such as access to professional opportunities and insider knowledge.

• Defining Capital

  • In economics, capital (also referred to as capital goods, real capital, or capital assets) references non-financial assets used in the production of goods and services.
  • Physical Capital: capital that must be produced by human labor before it can become a factor of production (also referred to as manufactured capital).
  • Social Capital is capital that is captured as goodwill or brand value.
  • Instructional Capital is capital that is defines as the aspect of teaching knowledge and transferring knowledge that is not inherent in individual or social relationships.
  • Human Capital is capital that includes social, instructional, and individual human talent combined together.

• The Marxist Critique of Capitalism

  • Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually be followed by socialism.
  • Among those wishing to replace capitalism with a different method of production and social organization, a distinction can be made between those believing that capitalism can only be overcome with revolution (e.g., revolutionary socialism) and those believing that structural change can come slowly through political reforms to capitalism (e.g., classic social democracy).
  • Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism.
  • Marxists define capital as "a social, economic relation" between people (rather than between people and things).
  • In Karl Marx's view, the dynamic of capital would eventually impoverish the working class and thereby create the social conditions for a revolution.

• Types of Social Mobility

  • Vertical social mobility refers to moving up or down the so-called social ladder.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Economic capital includes a person's financial and material resources, such as income and accumulated wealth.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.
  • Social capital includes the advantages conferred by one's social network, such as access to professional opportunities and insider knowledge.

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Economic capital includes a person's financial and material resources, such as income and accumulated wealth.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.
  • Social capital includes the advantages conferred by one's social network, such as access to professional opportunities and insider knowledge.
  • These examples demonstrate how social mobility is not simply based on economic capital, but also social and cultural capital.

• Intelligence and Inequality

  • For example, it is not stated in the curriculum that children learn social skills at school, but as a result of being around and working with other children, socialization occurs.
  • Socialization is slowly transforming into a manifest function, especially within special education and working with children on the autism spectrum, who suffer from serious social skill deficits.
  • The term educational capital is a concept that expands upon the theoretical ideas of French sociologist and anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu who applied the notion of capital to social capital, cultural capital, and symbolic capital.
  • Educational capital can be utilized to produce or reproduce inequality, and it can also serve as a leveling mechanism that fosters social justice and equal opportunity.
  • Devise two separate scenarios, one in which educational capital serves as a leveling mechanism and one in which academic capital reproduces inequality

• The Disadvantages of Mixed Economies

  • Marxian socialists argue that because social democratic programs retain the capitalist mode of production they also retain the fundamental issues of capitalism, including cyclical fluctuations, exploitation and alienation.
  • Social democratic programs intended to ameliorate capitalism, such as unemployment benefits or taxation on profits and the wealthy, create contradictions of their own through limiting the efficiency of the capitalist system by reducing incentives for capitalists to invest in production.
  • Others contrast social democracy with democratic socialism by defining the former as an attempt to strengthen the welfare state and the latter as an alternative socialist economic system to capitalism.
  • The democratic socialist critique of social democracy states that capitalism could never be sufficiently "humanized" and any attempt to suppress the economic contradictions of capitalism would only cause them to emerge elsewhere.
  • Social democracy can also be contrasted with market socialism.

• Economic Sociology

  • Economic sociology is the study of the social causes and social effects of various economic phenomena.
  • Economic sociology is the study of the social causes and social effects of various economic phenomena.
  • Sociology came of age in the late nineteenth century, at the same time as capitalism and modernity were taking root.
  • The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is representative of classical economic sociology in that it uses sociological data on religion to explain the economic phenomenon of northern Europe's embrace of capitalism.
  • Contemporary economic sociology emphasizes the social consequences of economic exchanges, the social meanings they involve, and the social interactions that they facilitate or obstruct.

• Changing Worker Productivity

  • In economics and long-run growth, worker productivity is influenced directly by fixed capital, human capital, physical capital, and technology.
  • Human capital is defined as the stock of competencies, knowledge, social and personal attributes, including creativity, embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value.
  • Human capital and increased worker productivity are critical because they are different from the tangible monetary capital or revenue.
  • Human capital grows cumulatively over a long period of time.
  • Examine the role of human capital in production and economic growth

• Capitalism

  • Capitalism is generally considered by scholars to be an economic system that includes private ownership of the means of production, creation of goods or services for profit or income, the accumulation of capital, competitive markets, voluntary exchange, and wage labor.
  • Economists, political economists and historians have taken different perspectives on the analysis of capitalism.
  • Capitalism is generally viewed as encouraging economic growth.
  • The relationship between the state, its formal mechanisms, and capitalist societies has been debated in many fields of social and political theory, with active discussion since the 19th century.
  • Examine the different views on capitalism (economical, political and historical) and the impact of capitalism on democracy