shock hazard

(noun)

an electrical hazard that poses the risk of passing current through the body

Related Terms

Examples of shock hazard in the following topics:

  • Humans and Electric Hazards

    • The hazards from electricity can be categorized into thermal and shock hazards.
    • There are two known categories of electrical hazards: thermal hazards and shock hazards.
    • A shock hazard occurs when electric current passes through a person.
    • This can prolong the shock indefinitely.
    • The lethality of an electric shock is dependent on several variables:

  • Safety Precautions in the Household

    • Electrical safety systems and devices are designed and widely used to reduce the risks of thermal and shock hazards.
    • Electricity has two hazards.
    • A thermal hazard occurs in cases of electrical overheating.
    • A shock hazard occurs when an electric current passes through a person.
    • There are many systems and devices that prevent electrical hazards .

  • Types of Shock

    • Circulatory shock, commonly known simply as shock, is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs due to inadequate substrates for aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
    • Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock and is caused by an insufficient circulating volume, typically from haemoeehage although severe vomiting and diarrhea are also potential causes.
    • Obstructive shock is caused by an obstruction of blood flow outside of the heart.
    • Septic shock is the most common cause of distributive shock and is caused by an overwhelming systemic infection, which cannot be cleared by the immune system, resulting in vasodilation and hypotension.

  • Signs and Symptoms of Shock

    • The clinical manifestation of shock is variable depending on the type of shock and the individual, but there are some general symptoms.
    • Specific subtypes of shock may have additional symptoms.
    • The symptoms of cardiogenic shock are similar to those of hypovolemic shock, with a weak pulse.
    • Distributive shock includes septic, anaphylactic, and neurogenic causes.
    • With septic shock, fever may occur and the skin may be warm and sweaty.

  • The Heat-Shock Response

    • Heat shock response is a cell's response to intense heat, including up-regulation of heat shock proteins.
    • Heat shock response is the cellular response to heat shock includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism .
    • The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor (HSF), while σ32 is the heat shock sigma factor in Escherichia coli.
    • Heat shock protein come in many sizes.
    • This is an example of small heat shock proteins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clonal Variants Isolated from Diverse Niches.

  • Introduction to binomial distribution (special topic)

    • Suppose we randomly selected four individuals to participate in the "shock" study.
    • P(A = refuse, B = shock, C = shock, D = shock)
    • = P(A = refuse) P(B = shock) P(C = shock) P(D = shock)
    • Verify that the scenario where Brittany is the only one to refuse to give the most severe shock has probability (0.35)1(0.65)3.
    • P(A = shock, B = refuse, C = shock, D = shock) = (0.65)(0.35)(0.65)(0.65) = (0.35)1(0.65)3.

  • Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard

    • In addition to adverse selection, moral hazards are also a result of asymmetric information.
    • A moral hazard can occur when the actions of one party may change to the detriment of another after a financial transaction.
    • For example, moral hazards occur in employment relationships involving employees and management.
    • A lack of equal information causes economic imbalances that result in adverse selection and moral hazards.
    • An insured driver getting into a car accident is an example of a moral hazard.

  • Shifts in investment due to shocks

    • A positive demand shock increases the demand (not the quantity demanded), while a negative demand shock decreases the demand.
    • In both cases, the shock impacts the price of the good or service.
    • Demand shocks may originate from tax rates, money supply, and government spending.
    • Demand shocks directly impact investment.
    • Positive demand shocks increase consumer spending.

  • Radiative Shocks

    • The opposite extreme is that the shock heats the gas sufficiently that radiative losses are important near the shock and the gas rapidly cools.
    • In this case we must abandon the conservation of energy flux through the shock (fourth equation of this chapter) and find another criterion to understand how the gas changes through the shock.
    • Just above the flux the flow enters the shock slightly supersonically and leaves subsonically.
    • The ratio of the energy flux entering the radiative shock to that leaving is given by
    • This yields a minimum energy ratio for the isothermal shock of

  • Shifting the Phillips Curve with a Supply Shock

    • Aggregate supply shocks, such as increases in the costs of resources, can cause the Phillips curve to shift.
    • Stagflation caused by a aggregate supply shock.
    • The stagflation of the 1970's was caused by a series of aggregate supply shocks.
    • In this example of a negative supply shock, aggregate supply decreases and shifts to the left.
    • Give examples of aggregate supply shock that shift the Phillips curve