self-actualization

Examples of self-actualization in the following topics:

• Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Personality

  • Maslow's humanistic theory of personality states that people achieve their full potential by moving from basic needs to self-actualization.
  • These needs range from the most basic physiological needs for survival to higher-level self-actualization and transcendence needs.
  • The highest need for self-actualization represents the achievement of our fullest potential, and those individuals who finally achieved self-actualization were said to represent optimal psychological health and functioning.
  • Maslow viewed self-actualizers as the supreme achievers in the human race.
  • Most self-actualizers had a great sense of awareness, maintaining a near-constant enjoyment and awe of life.

• Alderfer's ERG Theory

  • These groups align with the Maslow's levels of physiological needs, social needs, and self-actualization needs, respectively.
  • These needs align with Maslow's levels of esteem-related needs (such as self-esteem, confidence, and achievement) and self-actualization needs (such as morality, creativity, problem-solving, and acceptance of facts).
  • For example, if an individual's self-esteem is suffering, they will invest more effort in the relatedness category of needs.

• Humanistic Psychology

  • Humanistic psychology adopts a holistic view of human existence through explorations of meaning, human potential, and self-actualization.
  • The humanistic perspective is a holistic psychological perspective that attributes human characteristics and actions to free will and an innate drive for self-actualization.
  • He believed that every person has a strong desire to realize his or her full potential—or to reach what he called "self-actualization."
  • Self-actualized people, he believed, have more of these peak experiences throughout a given day than others.
  • The top of the pyramid is self-actualization, in which a person is believed to have reached a state of harmony and understanding.

• Positive Psychology

  • Once these four levels of needs are met, Maslow believed people turn toward what he called self-actualization.
  • Self-actualizing individuals, he argued, value deep personal relationships with others, but also value solitude; they have a sense of humor, but not one used against others; they accept themselves as well as others; they are spontaneous, humble, creative, and ethical.
  • Maslow felt that true self-actualization is rare, but his research led to advancements in humanistic psychology and the later field of positive psychology.
  • According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest state a person can reach after all lower needs are met.
  • Maslow's research on self-actualization was a central component of both humanistic and positive psychology.

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Maslow uses the terms Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization to describe the general stages that human motivations move through.
  • Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex.
  • This forms the basis of the perceived need for self-actualization.
  • This is a broad definition of the need for self-actualization, but when applied to individuals the need is specific.
  • Self-actualization can also be pursued through one's work; thus, the desire for self-actualization can intersect with motivation in the workplace.

• Rogers' Humanistic Theory of Personality

  • Carl Rogers' humanistic personality theory emphasizes the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in forming a self-concept.
  • Rogers believed that all behavior is motivated by self-actualizing tendencies, which drive a person to achieve at their highest level.
  • Rogers further divided the self into two categories: the ideal self and the real self.
  • The ideal self is the person that you would like to be; the real self is the person you actually are.
  • Their ideal self is thereby determined by others based on these conditions, and they are forced to develop outside of their own true actualizing tendency; this contributes to incongruence and a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.

• Cooley

  • In 1902, Charles Horton Cooley created the concept of the looking-glass self, which explored how identity is formed.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.
  • The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902.
  • George Herbert Mead described the self as "taking the role of the other," the premise for which the self is actualized.
  • An example of the looking-self concept is computer technology.

• The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

  • A good example of the looking glass self is a person trying on clothes before going out with friends.
  • Such an individual has incorporated the "social" into the "self. "
  • There are three main components of the looking glass self:
  • George Herbert Mead described self as "taking the role of the other," the premise for which the self is actualized.
  • This drawing depicts the looking-glass self.

• Adolescent Socialization

  • Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity and self-esteem.
  • Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self toward the ideal self (who the adolescent wishes to be) and away from the feared self (who the adolescent does not want to be).
  • Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals.
  • The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem, which is one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity.
  • High-quality romantic relationships are associated with higher commitment in early adulthood and are positively associated with self-esteem, self-confidence and social competence.

• Acid-Base Properties of Water

  • Water is capable of acting as either an acid or a base and can undergo self-ionization.
  • Under standard conditions, water will self-ionize to a very small extent.
  • If we write out the actual equilibrium expression for KW, we get the following:
  • The self-ionization of water produces hydronium and hydroxide ions in solution.
  • Explanation of self-ionization of water and the formation of hydronium and hydroxide ions.