segregation

Examples of segregation in the following topics:

• Mendel's Law of Segregation

  • The law of segregation states that each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait.
  • In essence, the law states that copies of genes separate or segregate so that each gamete receives only one allele.
  • The physical basis of Mendel's law of segregation is the first division of meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes with their different versions of each gene are segregated into daughter nuclei.
  • The Law of Segregation states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes
  • Apply the law of segregation to determine the chances of a particular genotype arising from a genetic cross

• Military Segregation

  • Woodrow Wilson's policy of military segregation led to conflict, rioting, and the brutal sentencing of the all-black Twenty-Fourth U.S.
  • President Woodrow Wilson also supported segregation of the military, even when the need for troops during the First World War was so great that a national draft was reinstituted.
  • A mutiny by soldiers at Camp Logan near Houston in 1917 was precipitated directly by segregation.
  • Infantry Regiment was transferred from Columbus, New Mexico, where segregation had not been enforced.
  • In Houston, however, they were met with segregated street cars and white workers at their camp who demanded separate water fountains.

• Segregation

  • Racial segregation is one of the most common forms of segregation and is generally outlawed, but can still exist through social norms even when there is no strong individual preference for it.
  • This legalized form of segregation into the mid 1960s.
  • By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation dissolved.
  • In many areas, the United States remains a residentially segregated society.
  • Identify at least three key moments in the history of racial segregation in the U.S.

• Brown v. Board of Education and School Integration

  • Board of Education was a Supreme Court case which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
  • Ferguson decision of 1896 that allowed state-sponsored segregation.
  • The plaintiffs were 13 Topeka parents who, on behalf of their 20 children, called for the school district to reverse its policy of racial segregation.
  • Eventually, the key decision of the Court was that even if segregated black and white schools were of equal quality in facilities and teachers, segregation by itself was socially and psychologically harmful to black students and, therefore, unconstitutional.
  • Summarize the phenomena of de jure and de facto segregation in the United States during the mid-1900s and the significance of the Brown v.

• Jim Crow Laws

  • Jim Crow laws, enacted between 1876 and 1965, mandated de jure racial segregation in the public facilities of southern states.
  • De jure segregation mainly applied to the southern United States.
  • Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks .
  • Wilson introduced segregation in federal offices, despite much protest.
  • A segregative sign on a restaurant in Lancaster, Ohio, 1938.

• Separate But Equal

  • Separate but equal laws supported segregation in the south by stating that providing comparable public services did not violate equal rights.
  • Jim Crow laws reestablished segregation and white supremacy in many southern states.
  • There was not legally sanctioned racial segregation in northern states, as there was in southern states, but black residents and other people of color often faced a de facto segregation that limited their ability to, for example, live in certain neighborhoods or hold certain jobs.

• Litigating for Equality After World War II

  • Board of Education was a collection of cases that had been filed on the issue of school segregation from Delaware, Kansas, South Carolina and Washington DC.
  • In each case except for Delaware, local courts had upheld the legality of segregation.
  • The states represented a diversity of situations ranging from required school segregation to optional school segregation.
  • Rather than focusing on whether or not segregated schools were equal, the Supreme Court ruling focused on the question of whether a doctrine of separate could ever be said to be equal.
  • The judges' ruling hinged on an interpretation that took separate as unconstitutional particularly because "Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children.

• Woodrow Wilson and Race

  • Despite promises made to black voters during the election of 1912, Woodrow Wilson gave into the demands of white Southern Democrats, fired a number of black Republican politicians, and supported racial segregation.
  • Wilson’s Southern cabinet members pressed for segregated workplaces, even though federal offices had been integrated since 1863.
  • Wilson ignored complaints when his cabinet officials established official segregation in many federal government departments, such as the post office, because of his own firm belief that racial segregation was in the best interests of black and white Americans alike.
  • New facilities were designed to maintain this segregation, with U.S.
  • On November 12, 1914, Wilson met with a group led by prominent civil rights leader William Monroe Trotter to discuss the continuing spread of segregation.

• The Spread of Segregation

  • De jure segregation mainly applied to the southern United States.
  • Northern segregation was generally de facto, with patterns of segregation in housing enforced by covenants, bank lending practices and job discrimination.
  • Examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, as well as the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains.
  • The U.S. military was also segregated.
  • When the laws of racial segregation were enacted at the end of the 19th century, they became known as Jim Crow laws.

• Separate But Equal

  • Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in American constitutional law that justified systems of segregation.
  • Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in American constitutional law that justified systems of segregation.
  • Segregated schools were created for students, as long as they followed "separate but equal".
  • The repeal of such laws establishing racial segregation, generally known as Jim Crow laws, was a key focus of the Civil Rights Movement prior to 1954.