Section of Painting and Sculpture

Examples of Section of Painting and Sculpture in the following topics:

• Gothic Sculpture

  • Primary media in the Gothic period included sculpture, panel painting, stained glass fresco, and illuminated manuscripts.
  • The earliest Gothic art existed as monumental sculpture on the walls of cathedrals and abbeys.
  • On the sides, images of the prophets decorate the lower sections, while images of the apostles and evangelists decorate the upper part.
  • Near the sacristy is the Gero-Kreuz, a large crucifix carved in oak with restored paint and gilding.
  • The Gero-Kreuz is the oldest large sculpture of the crucified Christ north of the Alps and is located in the Cologne Cathedral.

• Sculpture in the Vijayanagar Empire

  • Vijayanagar sculpture can most commonly be seen in the reliefs, pillars, and monolithic statues of temples.
  • Its legacy of sculpture, painting, and architecture influenced the development of the arts in South India long after the empire came to an end.
  • Preferred for its durability, local hard granite was the building material of choice for architecture; however, soapstone, which was soft and easily carved, was commonly used for reliefs and sculptures.
  • In order to cover the unevenness of the stone used in sculptures, artists employed brightly painted plaster to smooth over and finish rough surfaces.
  • Explain the key traits inherent to the sculpture of the Vijayanagar Empire

• Modern Sculpture

  • Modern sculpture arose symbiotically with similar artistic trends in painting, drawing and printmaking in Europe during the 1800s.
  • Modern sculpture arose symbiotically with similar artistic trends in painting and drawing in Europe during the 1800s, lasting until around 1950.
  • The Realist movement of the 1850s is often considered the beginning of modern painting, while the work of Rodin is seen as the progenitor of modern sculpture.
  • Rodin is credited with ushering in a new approach and subject matter to the creation of sculpture.
  • The Gates of Hell is a group of sculptures depicting scenes of physical and psychological turmoil from Dante's Inferno

• Paleolithic Cave Paintings

  • Archeological discoveries across a broad swath of Europe (especially southern France and northern Spain) include over two hundred caves with spectacular paintings, drawings, and sculpture that are among the earliest undisputed examples of representational image-making.
  • Paintings and engravings along the caves' walls and ceilings fall under the category of parietal art.
  • Altamira (circa 18,000 BCE) is a cave in northern Spain famous for its Upper Paleolithic cave paintings featuring drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild mammals and human hands.
  • Altamira's famous Upper Paleolithic cave paintings feature drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild mammals and human hands.
  • The most famous section of the cave is "The Great Hall of the Bulls," where bulls, equines, and stags are depicted.

• Painting and Sculpture

  • Eighteenth-century French painting and sculpture was dominated by the Rococo and Neoclassical styles of art.
  • As in painting, the themes of love and gaiety (often symbolized with cherubs) were reflected in sculpture, as were elements of nature, curving lines and asymmetry.
  • Hence, there are many paintings that glorify the heroes and martyrs of the French Revolution, such as David's iconic painting of the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat, that are inspired by classical aesthetic forms.
  • Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage on the Isle of Cythera (1717, Louvre) captures the frivolity and sensuousness of Rococo painting.
  • Differentiate between the values of Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassicist painting and sculpture.

• Mannerist Sculpture

  • Mannerist sculpture, like Mannerist painting, was characterized by elongated forms, spiral angles, twisting poses, and aloof subject gazes.
  • While sculpture of the High Renaissance is characterized by forms with perfect proportions and restrained beauty, as best characterized by Michelangelo's David, Mannerist sculpture, like Mannerist painting, was characterized by elongated forms, spiral angels, twisted poses, and aloof subject gazes.
  • Figura serpentinata (Italian: serpentine figure) is a style in painting and sculpture that is typical of Mannerism.
  • The Mannerist style of sculpture began to create a form in which figures showed physical power, passion, tension, and semantic perfection.
  • As in painting, early Italian Mannerist sculpture was largely an attempt to find an original style that would expand and surpass the achievements of the High Renaissance.

• Carolingian Painting in the Early European Middle Ages

  • Various forms of Carolingian artwork consist of mosaics and frescos which reached a pinnacle of production under the reign of Charlemagne.
  • The art was produced by and for the court circle and a group of important monasteries under Imperial patronage.
  • The majority of surviving Carolingian sculpture consists of statues and figures casted in precious metalwork which was discussed in the previous section.
  • On the other hand, various forms of Carolingian painting consist of both mosaics and frescos that reached a pinnacle of production under the reign of Charlemagne.
  • These sites have given art historians some material to study in order to theoretically conceptualize Carolingian paintings.

• Painting in the Vijayanagar Empire

  • Painting in the Vijayanagar Empire, which evolved into the Mysore style of painting, is best illustrated in the elaborate wall paintings of temples.
  • In addition to architecture and sculpture, the Vijayanagar emperors were enthusiastic patrons of painting.
  • The Vijayanagar school of painting was renowned for its frescoes of Hindu mythological themes on temple walls and ceilings.
  • Absorbing the local artistic traditions and customs, the Vijayanagar school of painting gradually evolved into many styles of painting in South India, including the Mysore and Tanjore schools of painting.
  • Mysore painting, an important form of South Indian classical painting, developed out of Vijayanagar painting and originated in the southern town of Mysore, in Karnataka, during the reign of the Vijayanagar emperors.

• Art and Literature in the Roman Republic

  • Culture flourished during the Roman Republic with the emergence of great authors such as Cicero and Lucretius and the development of Roman relief and portraiture sculpture.
  • Small sculptures were considered luxury items and were frequently the object of client-patron relationships.
  • For a wider section of the population, moulded relief decoration in pottery vessels and small figurines were produced in great quantities and were often of great quality.
  • The most well-known surviving examples of Roman painting consist of the wall paintings from Pompeii and Herculaneum that were preserved in the aftermath of the fatal eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE.
  • Sculpture and panel painting, usually consisting of tempera or encaustic painting on wooden panels, were considered more prestigious art forms.

• Sculpture of the Early Christian Church

  • The subjects were often narrative religious scenes in vertical sections, largely derived from Late Antique paintings and carvings, as were those with more hieratic images derived from consular diptychs and other imperial art.
  • There are records of several apparently life-size sculptures in Anglo-Saxon churches by the tenth and eleventh centuries.
  • One example is the Golden Madonna of Essen (c. 980), a sculpture of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus consisting of a wooden core covered with sheets of thin gold leaf.
  • It is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing medieval sculpture north of the Alps.
  • It is also the only full-length survivor from what appears to have been a common form of statue among the wealthiest churches and abbeys of tenth and eleventh century Northern Europe, as well as one of very few sculptures from the Ottonian era.