satellite glia

(noun)

glial cell that provides nutrients for neurons in the PNS

Related Terms

Examples of satellite glia in the following topics:

  • Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System

    • There are two kinds of glia cells in the PNS - schwann cells and satellite cells which have unique functions.
    • There are two kinds of neuroglia in the PNS - Schwann Cells and Satellite cells.
    • Satellite glial cells are small glia that surround neurons' sensory ganglia in the ANS.
    • PNS satellite glia are very sensitive to injury and may exacerbate pathological pain.

  • Glia

    • The seven types of glia have specific functions that play a role in supporting neuron function.
    • When glia do not function properly, the result can be disastrous; most brain tumors are caused by mutations in glia.
    • There are several different types of glia with different functions .
    • Satellite glia provide nutrients and structural support for neurons in the PNS.
    • Glial cells of the (b) peripheral nervous system include Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, and satellite cells, which provide nutrients and structural support to neurons.

  • Capacity of Different Tissues for Repair

    • Glial scars rapidly form, and the glia actually produce factors that inhibit remyelination and axon repair.
    • In undamaged muscle, the majority of satellite cells are quiescent; they neither differentiate nor undergo cell division.
    • In response to mechanical strain, satellite cells become activated.
    • Activated satellite cells initially proliferate as skeletal myoblasts before undergoing myogenic differentiation.
    • Astrocytes can be identified in culture because, unlike other mature glia, they express glial fibrillary acidic protein.

  • Satellites

    • Natural satellites are celestial objects that orbit a larger body; artificial satellites are manmade objects put in the orbit of the Earth.
    • The word "satellite" has a somewhat ambiguous definition.
    • Natural satellites are often classified in terms of their size and composition, while artificial satellites are categorized in terms of their orbital parameters.
    • There are 76 objects in the asteroid belt with satellites (five with two satellites each), four Jupiter trojans, 39 near-Earth objects, and 14 Mars-crossers.
    • Of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites; Earth has one large natural satellite, known as the Moon; and Mars has two tiny natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos.

  • Defective Viruses

    • Replication defective viruses (also known as satellites) are those that need the presence of other viruses to help them reproduce.
    • Satellites depend on co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus for productive multiplication.
    • When a satellite subviral agent encodes the coat protein in which it is encapsulated, it is then called a satellite virus.
    • Satellite viral particles should not be confused with satellite DNA.
    • These viruses that are dependent on the presence of other virus species in the host cell are called satellites.

  • Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System

    • Glia (named from the Greek for "glue") helps in supporting and scaffolding neurons, while performing  many unique functions.
    • In the human brain, it is estimated that the total number of glia roughly equals the number of neurons, although the proportions vary in different brain areas.

  • Reactions to Sputnik

    • The Sputnik Crisis was the name for the mass panic that gripped American during the Soviets' launching of the space satellite.
    • Once the Soviets started to launch satellites into orbit, U.S. concern increased.
    • If the USSR could launch a satellite, it could also launch a nuclear warhead able to travel intercontinental distances.
    • Increased emphasis on the Navy's existing Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite into orbit, and a revival of the Army's Explorer program that preceded Vanguard in launching the first American satellite into orbit on January 31, 1958.
    • Sputnik, which means "satellite" in Russian, was the Soviet entry in a scientific race to launch the first satellite ever.

  • Neurons and Glial Cells

    • Neurons and glia coordinate actions and transmit signals in the CNS and PNS.
    • The nervous system is made up of neurons, specialized cells that can receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals, and glia, cells that provide support functions for the neurons by playing an information processing role that is complementary to neurons.
    • Glia can be compared to the workers at the electric company who make sure wires go to the right places, maintain the wires, and take down wires that are broken.

  • Clusters of Neuronal Cell Bodies

    • Satellite glial cells are a type of glial cell that line the exterior surface of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) .
    • Satellite glial cells (SGCs) also surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia.
    • Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells.
    • Satellite glial cells are expressed throughout the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia in their respective nervous system divisions.

  • Kepler's Third Law

    • Using subscripts 1 and 2 to denote two different satellites, and taking the ratio of the last equation for satellite 1 to satellite 2 yields
    • We obtain a relationship that can be used to determine the mass M of a parent body from the orbits of its satellites:
    • If r and P are known for a satellite, then the mass M of the parent can be calculated.
    • This principle has been used extensively to find the masses of heavenly bodies that have satellites.
    • Furthermore, the ratio r3/T2 should be a constant for all satellites of the same parent body (because r3/T2=GM/4π2).