reduction division

Examples of reduction division in the following topics:

• Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis

  • For this reason, meiosis I is referred to as a reduction division.
  • There is no such reduction in ploidy level during mitosis.
  • Meiosis II is much more similar to a mitotic division.
  • Meiosis II is not a reduction division because, although there are fewer copies of the genome in the resulting cells, there is still one set of chromosomes, as there was at the end of meiosis I.
  • Meiosis II is, therefore, referred to as equatorial division.

• Introduction to Meiosis

  • Meiosis is the nuclear division of diploid cells into haploid cells, which is a necessary step in sexual reproduction.
  • Therefore, sexual reproduction includes a nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosome sets.
  • To achieve this reduction in chromosomes, meiosis consists of one round of chromosome duplication and two rounds of nuclear division.
  • Thus, meiosis I is the first round of meiotic division and consists of prophase I, prometaphase I, and so on.
  • Meiosis II, the second round of meiotic division, includes prophase II, prometaphase II, and so on.

• Standard Reduction Potentials

  • Reduction potential (also known as redox potential, oxidation/reduction potential, or Eh) measures the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced.
  • Reduction potential is measured in volts (V) or millivolts (mV).
  • Each species has its own intrinsic reduction potential.
  • Since the reduction potential measures the intrinsic tendency for a species to undergo reduction, comparing standard reduction potential for two processes can be useful for determining how a reaction will proceed.
  • Recall that a positive reduction potential indicates a thermodynamically favorable reaction relative to the reduction of a proton to hydrogen

• Drive-Reduction Theory

• Overview of Organizational Structure

  • Precision, speed, unambiguity…strict subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration.
  • Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it.
  • Divisions can be categorized by different points of view.
  • One might make distinctions on a geographical basis (a US division and an EU division, for example) or on product/service basis (different products for different customers, households, or companies).
  • In another example, an automobile company with a divisional structure might have one division for SUVs, another division for subcompact cars, and another for sedans.

• Analyzing every stage of production

  • For example, one of my students visited a company to conduct his waste reduction research and discovered that employees used mobile phones to communicate with one another in different parts of the plant.
  • ‘Everyone stopped laughing at my waste reduction suggestions after that,'the student said.
  • As if to prove her point, for over 12 years, the Bentley Prince Street carpet company (a division of Interface) has forced employees to record what they toss in the trash by sifting through company rubbish (a different department is selected to do this every month).

• The Allied Drive Toward Berlin

  • The crossing of the Rhine, the encirclement and reduction of the Ruhr, and the sweep to the Elbe-Mulde line and the Alps all established the final campaign on the Western Front as a showcase for Allied superiority in maneuver warfare
  • Von Rundstedt's divisions on the west bank were cut to pieces in the 'battle of the Rhineland' (280,000 men were taken prisoner).
  • Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on May 4, 1945.
  • The crossing of the Rhine, the encirclement and reduction of the Ruhr, and the sweep to the Elbe-Mulde line and the Alps all established the final campaign on the Western Front as a showcase for Allied superiority in maneuver warfare.
  • Summarize Eisenhower's drive toward Berlin, including the crossing of the Rhine, the encirclement and reduction of the Ruhr, and the sweep to the Elbe-Mulde line and the Alps.

• Additional examples of efficient buildings

  • For example, VeriFone (a division of Hewlett-Packard) renovated its California headquarters and subsequently saw its energy consumption drop by 59%.
  • The resulting 63% reduction in energy bills covered the cost of improvements in six months.

• Imperialism and Racial Divisions

• The Cost of Intermediaries

  • The reduction in the number of market contacts due to the presence of a wholesaler represents major costs savings for each supplier.
  • Adam Smith recognized long ago that the division of labor and specialization of tasks increase market efficiency.