Red Queen hypothesis

Examples of Red Queen hypothesis in the following topics:

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

  • Possible answers to these questions are explained in the Red Queen hypothesis, first proposed by Leigh Van Valen in 1973.
  • The Red Queen's catchphrase was, "It takes all the running you can do to stay in the same place."

• The Evolution of Humans

  • The savannah hypothesis states that hominins were forced out of the trees they lived in and onto the expanding savannah; as they did so, they began walking upright on two feet.
  • This idea was expanded in the aridity hypothesis, which posited that the savannah was expanding due to increasingly arid conditions resulting in hominin adaptation.
  • The turnover pulse hypothesis states that extinctions due to environmental conditions hurt specialist species more than generalist ones.
  • The Red Queen hypothesis states that species must constantly evolve in order to compete with co-evolving animals around them.
  • The social brain hypothesis states that improving cognitive capabilities would allow hominins to influence local groups and control resources.

• Ancient Egyptian Trade

  • A well-traveled land route from the Nile to the Red Sea crossed through the Wadi Hammamat, and was known from predynastic times.
  • This route allowed travelers to move from Thebes to the Red Sea port of Elim, and led to the rise of ancient cities.
  • Queen Hatshepsut sent ships for myrrh in Punt, and extended Egyptian trade into modern-day Somalia and the Mediterranean.
  • An ancient form of the Suez Canal is believed to have been started by Pharaoh Senusret II or III of the Twelfth Dynasty, in order to connect the Nile River with the Red Sea.

• The Null and Alternate Hypotheses

  • The null hypothesis is simply that all the group population means are the same.
  • The alternate hypothesis is that at least one pair of means is different.
  • The graphs help in the understanding of the hypothesis test.
  • In the first graph (red box plots), Ho : µ1 = µ2 = µ3 and the three populations have the same distribution if the null hypothesis is true.
  • If the null hypothesis is false, then the variance of the combined data is larger which is caused by the different means as shown in the second graph (green box plots).

• The Indian Response

  • Red Stick leaders like William Weatherford (Red Eagle), Peter McQueen, and Menawa, were all allies of the British.
  • Peter McQueen of Talisi (now Tallassee, Alabama), Josiah Francis (Hilis Hadjo) of Autaga, and High-head Jim (Cusseta Tustunnuggee) of Alabama, were among the spiritual leaders of the Upper Creek.
  • The Red Sticks aggressively resisted the civilization programs administered by the U.S.
  • On August 30, 1813, Peter McQueen and William Weatherford, both of whom were Upper Creek chiefs, led an attack on Fort Mims, near Mobile, Alabama.
  • The Red Sticks subsequently attacked other forts in the area, including Fort Sinquefield.

• Experimental Research

  • You find support for your hypothesis that red stimuli are processed more quickly than green stimuli.
  • You will randomly assign 50% of your participants to respond to the red stimulus with their right hand (and green with their left) and assign the other 50% to respond to the red stimulus with their left hand (and green with their right).
  • The conclusion will either support the hypothesis or refute it.
  • The scientist will then either reformulate the hypothesis or build upon the original hypothesis.
  • The scientific method cannot prove a hypothesis, only support or refute it.

• One- and Two-Tailed Tests

  • The red bars show the values greater than or equal to 13.
  • Therefore, since we are going to reject the null hypothesis if Mr.
  • The null hypothesis for the two-tailed test is π = 0.5.
  • The alternative hypothesis in the two-tailed test is π ≠ 0.5.
  • The upper (right-hand) tail is red.

• Elizabeth I and English Patriotism

  • Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death.
  • In 1554, Queen Mary of England married Philip, who only two years later began to rule Spain as Philip II.
  • In 1584, the queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter for the colonization of Virginia; it was named in her honor.
  • In 1600, the queen chartered the East India Company.
  • The oranges and browns would have been crimson red in Elizabeth's time.

• Generating the null distribution and p-value by simulation

  • We want to identify the sampling distribution of the test statistic ($\hat{p}$) if the null hypothesis was true.
  • Then we plan to use this information to decide whether there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
  • Under the null hypothesis, 10% of liver donors have complications during or after surgery.
  • Take one red card, nine black cards, and mix them up.
  • Since the hypothesis test is one-sided, the estimated p-value is equal to this tail area: 0.1222.

• Occurrence of a Disease

  • Develop a hypothesis (if there appears to be a cause for the outbreak).
  • With masks over their faces, members of the American Red Cross remove a victim of the Spanish Flu from a house at Etzel and Page Avenues, St.