Quasi-War

Examples of Quasi-War in the following topics:

• The Quasi-War

  • The Quasi-War was an undeclared naval war fought between France and the United States in the Caribbean Sea.
  • Instead, the Quasi-War began in July of 1798.
  • However, the Quasi-War also had a negative affect on political relations between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
  • The Quasi-War remains an ambiguous precedent for the separation of military powers between the executive and legislative branches.
  • The USS Constellation and L'Insurgente battle during the Quasi-War between the United States and France.

• The "Reign of Witches"

  • In addition to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Democratic-Republicans cited the increasing size of a standing army, the Quasi-War with France, and a general expansion of federal power as evidence of the Federalists' corrupt designs for the United States.
  • The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress, in the midst of the French Revolution and the undeclared naval war with France, the Quasi-War.
  • Despite the XYZ Affair and the Quasi War, which had incited francophobic sentiment in the majority of the American public, Democrat-Republicans remained pro-French and outspoken critics of the Federalist administration.

• The Adams Presidency

  • The president's term was marked by disputes concerning the country's role in the expanding conflict in Europe, where Britain and France were at war.
  • When Adams entered office, he decided to continue Washington's policy of staying out of the European war.
  • Adams' independent management style allowed him to avoid war with France, despite a strong desire for war among his cabinet secretaries and Congress.
  • Although the Quasi-War was effectively a naval war fought between the French and the United States in the Caribbean, it was ultimately Adams' decision to push for peace with France rather than continue hostilities.
  • Congress, in the midst of the French Revolution and the undeclared Quasi-War with France.

• Foreign and Domestic Crises

  • The result was an undeclared naval war—what later became known as the Quasi-War—with France, most of which was fought in the Caribbean from 1798 to 1800.
  • During the war, the United States slowly pushed the French out of the West Indian trade system.
  • Ultimately, the Quasi-War strengthened the U.S. navy and helped expand American commercial networks in the Caribbean.
  • The Quasi-War had a negative affect on political relations between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
  • Democratic-Republicans, dismayed by the Quasi-War, often voiced their opinions in political speeches and writings.

• The Alien and Sedition Acts

  • The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the midst of the French Revolution and during the undeclared naval war with France, known as the Quasi-War.
  • The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War incited Francophobic sentiment in the majority of the American public; however, Democratic-Republicans remained supportive on the French and outspoken critics of the Federalist administration, which they believed was unconstitutionally developing a tyrannical centralized government.
  • The Alien Enemies Act authorized the president to apprehend and deport resident aliens if their home countries were at war with the United States.
  • Long after the collapse of the Federalist party, the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions remained an inspiration for states' rights advocates and were used as models in drafting the declarations of secession by Southern states on the eve of the Civil War.
  • While the Alien and Sedition Acts were left largely unenforced after 1800, the Alien Act was later used to justify the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, and the Supreme Court was grappling with the constitutionality of the Sedition Acts as late as the 1960s.

• Domestic Turmoil During the Adams Presidency

  • During the Quasi-War, Adams and Congress passed the Naturalization Act on June 18, 1798, as part of the broader Alien and Sedition Acts.
  • When the Quasi-War with France threatened to escalate in 1798, Congress assembled a large army and authorized the expansion of the navy.
  • John Fries (1750–1818), an itinerant auctioneer and native of Pennsylvania, who had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, led the resistance.
  • In 1798, the tavern was used as a meeting place for German farmers protesting a house tax which they felt was to sponsor a British monarchy in the U.S., and also because of their opposition to the war with France.

• The XYZ Affair

  • Gerry, a Jeffersonian Republican who had been added to the delegation to give it credibility, remained in France, thinking he could prevent a declaration of war, but did not officially negotiate any further.
  • War seemed inevitable as the French continued to seize private American ships in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Caribbean, and Congress authorized Adams to begin to build up the army and the navy.
  • However, Adams continued to hope for a peaceful settlement with France and avoided pushing Congress towards a formal declaration of war.
  • Instead, the Quasi-War began in July, 1798 and was fought at sea by an expanding U.S. navy.
  • While there was no formal declaration of war, the conflict escalated with both size capturing ships.

• Congress

  • Five wars have been declared under the Constitution: the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, and World War II.
  • However, U.S. presidents have not sought formal declarations of war often.
  • Instead, they maintain that they have the Constitutional authority, as commander in chief to use the military for "police actions. " According to historian Thomas Woods, "Ever since the Korean, Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution — which refers to the president as the 'Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States' — has been interpreted to mean that the president may act with an essentially free hand in foreign affairs, or at the very least that he may send men into battle without consulting Congress. " Some people have argued this could pass as offensive actions, although historically police actions fell mostly under the purview of protecting embassies, U.S. citizens overseas, and shipping such as the quasi war.
  • The Korean War was the first modern example of the U.S. going to war without a formal declaration.
  • The police action spiraled into a war-like situation quickly, although it was one war never waged by Congress.

• The Barbary Wars

  • The Barbary Wars were two wars fought between the United States and the Northwest African Barbary States in the early nineteenth century.
  • Madison directed forces for the second war in 1815.
  • The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War or the Barbary Coast War, was the first of the two wars fought between the United States and the Northwest African Berber Muslim states, known collectively as the Barbary States.
  • These included Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers, which were quasi-independent entities nominally belonging to the Ottoman Empire, along with (briefly) the independent Sultanate of Morocco.
  • The Second Barbary War, also known as the Algerine or Algerian War, occurred in 1815 under President Madison's administration.

• National Security

  • Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II.
  • Initially, each of the three service secretaries maintained quasi-cabinet status, but the act was amended on August 10, 1949, to assure their subordination to the Secretary of Defense.
  • Armed Forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II.
  • Civil Defense literature such as Survival Under Atomic Attack was common during the Cold War Era.
  • Outline the ways in which the Cold War shaped U.S. national security policy