propensity

Examples of propensity in the following topics:

• Consumption outcomes

  • Marginal propensity to consume measures induced consumption; marginal propensity to save measures increased saving due to increased disposable income.
  • The proportion of the disposable income that individuals desire to spend on consumption is known as the propensity to consume.
  • Marginal propensity to save is also used as an alternative term for slope of saving line .
  • The function (1-b) refers to marginal propensity to save, where b is MPC.
  • Marginal propensity to save is also used as an alternative term for slope of saving line.

• Civil Rights of the Elderly

  • The elderly, or senior citizens, are vulnerable to civil rights abuses due to a propensity for sickness, disability, and poverty.
  • Because of a propensity for illness, disability, and lack of employment, the elderly are faced with unique civil rights challenges.

• Fiscal Levers: Spending and Taxation

  • where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume (the change in consumption divided by the change in disposable income), and MPS is the marginal propensity to save (the change in savings divided by the change in disposable income).
  • The multiplier effect of a tax cut can be affected by the size of the tax cut, the marginal propensity to consume, as well as the crowding out effect.

• The consumption function

  • C1 is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and Yd represents the disposable income.
  • Since autonomous consumption never varies regardless of income, the slope of the consumption function is defined entirely by the marginal propensity to consume.

• Fiscal Policy and the Multiplier

  • In both of these equations, recall that MPC is the marginal propensity to consume.
  • Households will spend MPC*$50 billion (where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume).

• Role in Matching Savings and Investment Spending

  • The factors as stated affect the marginal propensity to save (MPS), the percentage of after-tax income that an economic agent will choose to save.

• Getting over the hurdles

  • Natural light and ventilation, the building's low energy and maintenance costs, a propensity to produce more income, and natural good looks and interior comfort means that everybody wins: the owners of the building, the occupants of the building, and the neighbourhood where the structure is located.

• The probability of a dyadic tie: Leinhardt's P1

  • This probability is a function of the overall network density (theta), and the propensity of one actor of the pair to send ties (expansiveness, or alpha), and the propensity of the other actor to receive ties ("attractiveness" or beta).
  • More recent versions of the model (P*, P2) include additional global features of the graph such as tendencies toward transitivity and the variance across actors in the propensity to send and receive ties.

• The budget constraint: balancing income, consumption, and saving across time

  • Typically, a person's MPC (marginal propensity to consume) is relatively high during young adulthood, decreases during the middle-age years, and increases when the person is near or in retirement.
  • After World War II, it was determined that the long-run average propensity to consume seemed to be roughly constant despite the marginal propensity to consume being much lower.

• Biological Theories of Deviance

  • Their explanation was that some individuals had a biological propensity for crime.
  • Because the modern emphasis is on actual genetics rather than phenotypic expressions of genes, stereotyping of individuals with "criminal" traits or propensities is more difficult.
  • For example, when walking down the street, you can tell who has a protruding jaw, but you can't tell who has the genetic combination that increases one's propensity for aggression.