pronation

Examples of pronation in the following topics:

• Muscles of the Humerus that Act on the Forearm

  • Pronator Teres - A rectangular muscle located in the superficial region of the anterior compartment.
  • Attachments - The pronator teres has two origins, one on the proximal end of the humerus and one of the distal end of the ulna.
  • Pronator Quadratus - A square shaped muscle located adjacent to the wrist in the deep region of the anterior compartment.
  • Action - Moves the ulna during pronation and extends the forearm at the elbow.
  • Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres of the forearm.

• Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

  • These muscles are generally responsible for flexing of the wrist and fingers and pronation of the forearm.
  • Attachments - The pronator teres has two origins, one on the proximal end of the humerus and one of the distal end of the ulna.
  • Pronator quadratus - A square-shaped muscle located adjacent to the wrist.
  • Actions - Moves the ulna during pronation and extends the forearm at the elbow.

• Ulna and Radius (The Forearm)

  • The shaft of the ulna is triangular and numerus muscles involved in pronation and flexion of the forearm attach to its surface.

• Stability and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints

  • Certain joints exhibit special movements including elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition.

• Assessing CNS Disorders

• Movement at Synovial Joints

  • Pronation is the opposite movement, in which the palm faces backward or down.
  • (g) Supination of the forearm turns the palm upward in which the radius and ulna are parallel, while forearm pronation turns the palm downward in which the radius crosses over the ulna to form an "X."

• Tennis Elbow, Little-League Elbow, and Dislocation of the Radial Head

  • Nursemaid's elbow or pulled elbow is a dislocation of the elbow joint caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated arm, such as by an adult tugging on an uncooperative child, or swinging the child by the arms during play.
  • This causes significant pain, partial limitation of flexion/extension of the elbow, and total loss of pronation/supination in the affected arm.

• Shin Splint Syndrome

  • Over-the-counter orthosis help with excessive foot pronation, and mal-alignments may benefit from custom orthotics.

• Fertility

  • Some, including those of Italy and Malaysia, seek to increase the national birth rate using pronatal measures such as financial incentives to new mothers.