Examples of procedural memory in the following topics:
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- Long-term memory consists of conscious explicit (declarative) and unconscious implicit (procedural) memory; both can be stored indefinitely.
- Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more contextualized memories.
- Semantic and episodic memory are closely related; memory for facts can be enhanced with episodic memories associated with the fact, and vice versa.
- In contrast to explicit (conscious) memory, implicit memory involves procedures for completing actions.
- Also known as unconscious or procedural memory, these actions develop with practice over time.
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- Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition.
- The cerebellum plays a role in the learning of procedural memory (i.e., routine, "practiced" skills), and motor learning, such as skills requiring coordination and fine motor control.
- Playing a musical instrument, driving a car, and riding a bike are examples of skills requiring procedural memory.
- But a person with damage to their cerebellum would have the opposite problem: they would remember their declarative memories, but would have trouble with procedural memories like playing the piano.
- The hippocampus is integral in consolidating memories from short-term to long-term memory.
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- The aging process often results in a loss of memory, deteriorated intellectual function, decreased mobility, and higher rates of disease.
- In general, an older person's procedural memory stays the same, while working memory declines.
- Procedural memory is memory for the performance of particular types of action; it guides the processes we perform and most frequently resides below the level of conscious awareness.
- The reduced capacity of the working memory becomes evident when tasks are especially complex.
- Semantic memory is the memory of understanding things, of the meaning of things and events, and other concept-based knowledge.
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- Long-term memory is the final, semi-permanent stage of memory.
- Long-term memory can be broken down into two categories: explicit and implicit memory.
- Episodic memory is used for more contextualized memories.
- In contrast to explicit (conscious) memory, implicit (also called "unconscious" or "procedural") memory involves procedures for completing actions.
- Contrast the different ways memories can be stored in long-term memory
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- "Amnesia" is a general term for the inability to recall certain memories, or in some cases, the inability t0 form new memories.
- Some types of amnesia are due to neurological trauma; but in other cases, the term "amnesia" is just used to describe normal memory loss, such as not remembering childhood memories.
- Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the onset of amnesia, while memories from before the event remain intact.
- However, sufferers can be treated through education to define their daily routines: typically, procedural memories (motor skills and routines like tying shoes or playing an instrument) suffer less than declarative memories (facts and events).
- He is completely unable to form lasting new memories—his memory only lasts for between 7 and 30 seconds— and also cannot recall aspects of his past memories, frequently believing that he has only recently awoken from a coma.
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- Two other types of sensory memory have been extensively studied: echoic memory (the auditory sensory store) and haptic memory (the tactile sensory store).
- Short-term memory is also known as working memory.
- However, items can be moved from short-term memory to long-term memory via processes like rehearsal.
- In contrast to explicit/declarative memory, there is also a system for procedural/implicit memory.
- Summarize which types of memory are necessary to which stage of the process of memory storage
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- Memory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall or complete loss of a memory.
- Because the memory process is so complex, there are many factors that lead to forgetfulness or distortions of memories.
- By creating additional links between one memory and another, more familiar memory works as a cue for the new information being learned.
- People are more likely to be able to retrieve a memory if they are in the same mood as they were when the memory was first formed.
- Overlearning is a very powerful mnemonic for both procedural and semantic memories.
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- The final stage in the IP model is long-term memory (LTM), which is typically termed call memory.
- For most cognitive psychologists, the world of LTM can be categorized as one of three types of memory: declarative, procedural or episodic.
- By contrast, procedural knowledge is, "Knowing how..."
- This is memory for specific events in one's life: a memory of your first kiss or of your graduation.
- Pavio (1980) has asserted that memory for images differs from memory for words.
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- The limbic system makes up the inner border of the cortex and is vital for emotion, motivation, and memory.
- Parahippocampal gyrus: Plays a role in the formation of spatial memory
- Dentate gyrus: Thought to contribute to the formation of new memories
- To cure severe emotional disorders, this connection was sometimes surgically severed, a procedure of psychosurgery called a prefrontal lobotomy.
- Patients who underwent this procedure often became passive and lacked motivation.
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- Amnesia refers to any form of memory loss; there are many causes and types.
- Amnesia is a condition in which one's memory is lost.
- Anterograde amnesia is the loss of long-term memory, which can manifest itself as the loss or impairment of the ability to form new memories through memorization.
- The memory is stored in long term memory, but access to it is impaired because of psychological defense mechanisms.
- Drug-induced amnesia is intentionally caused by injection of an amnesiac drug to help a patient forget surgery or medical procedures, particularly those not performed under full anesthesia, or likely to be particularly traumatic.