Political borders

Examples of Political borders in the following topics:

• New State Spaces

  • New state spaces are redefining borders, and they may not be ruled by national governments.
  • New York and London are examples of global cities that command vast political, economic, and cultural influence both domestically and internationally.
  • Another example of a new state space is the European Union, a confederation of 27 European states that encourages political and economic cooperation among its members.
  • Recent sociological work has argued that, with globalization, relevant political borders are changing.
  • Not only are global cities important economically, but they are also politically unique.

• Immigration and Border Security

  • Immigration and border security are two important issues for United States policy.
  • Immigration and border security are two important issues for U.S. policy.
  • Illegal immigrants who come generally for economic opportunities or to escape political oppression, continue to outpace the number of legal immigrants - a trend that has held steady since the 1990s.
  • The challenge of illegal immigration is closely linked with that of border security, the concept of which is related to the persistent threat of terrorism.
  • Border security includes the protection of land borders, ports, and airports and after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, many questioned whether the threat posed by the largely unchecked 3,017 mile Canadian border, the 1,933 mile Mexican border, and the many unsecured ports.

• Bleeding Kansas

  • Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery and pro-slavery elements between 1854 and 1861.
  • Bleeding Kansas, or the Border War, was a series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery Free-Soilers and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements.
  • Politics in the region began to resemble a civil war rather than democratic balloting.
  • During the elections for a territory legislature in 1855, thousands of border Missourians called "Border Ruffians" invaded the polls and rigged the ballots.
  • In a matter of months, armed guerrillas were fighting each other on the Missouri-Kansas border, and the territory was faced with a near-anarchic situation.

• Types of Media

  • Many prominent news organizations such as CBS, ABC, and Fox News are often criticized for creating political and corporate monopolies to boost popularity.
  • The organization Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based on its assessment of their press freedom records .
  • Reporters Without Borders is careful to note that the index only addresses press freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism.

• Intervention in Mexico

  • For both economic and political reasons, the American government generally supported those who occupied the seats of power, whether they held that power legitimately or not.
  • -Mexico border, but did not allow them to intervene in the conflict, a move which Congress opposed.
  • -Mexican border from 1917 to 1919.
  • This political cartoon depicts American attitudes towards the expedition over the Mexican border in pursuit of Pancho Villa.
  • Summarize the Ypiranga intervention and the border clashes between the U.S. and Mexico.

• Crisis in Berlin

  • Taking advantage of this route, the number of Eastern Europeans applying for political asylum in West Germany was 197,000 in 1950, 165,000 in 1951, 182,000 in 1952, and 331,000 in 1953.
  • With the closing of the Inner German border officially in 1952, the border in Berlin remained considerably more accessible than the rest of the border because it was administered by all four occupying powers.
  • The brain drain of professionals had become so damaging to the political credibility and economic viability of East Germany that closing this loophole and securing the Soviet-imposed East-West-Berlin frontier was imperative.
  • On Saturday, August 12, 1961, Walter Ulbricht signed the order to close the border and erect a wall.
  • At midnight the army, police, and units of the East German Army began to close the border, and by morning on Sunday August 13, 1961 the border to West Berlin had been shut.

• The Politics of Expansion

  • National politics of the nineteenth century were divided on whether the new territories should become slave states or free states.
  • Americans asserted the right to colonize vast expanses of North America beyond their country's borders, especially into Oregon, California, and Texas.
  • President Polk (a Democrat) negotiated a compromise that gave half the area to the US, along the line of the current border with Canada.
  • In May 1846, Congress declared war on Mexico after a border incident.
  • Examine the issues that redefined political parties and shaped the discussion around American expansion

• Illegal Immigration

  • Unauthorized immigration raises many political, economic and social issues and has become a source of major controversy.
  • A common means of border crossing is to hire professionals who smuggle illegal immigrants across the border for pay.
  • Those operating on the US-Mexico border are known informally as coyotes.
  • A smaller number of unauthorized migrants entered the United States legally using the Border Crossing Card, authorizing border crossings into the U.S. for a set amount of time.
  • Border Crossing Card entry accounts for the vast majority of all registered non-immigrant entry into the United States – 148 million out of 179 million total – but there is little hard data as to how much of the illegal immigrant population entered in this way.

• Political and legal risk in international business

  • Political risk is generally defined as the risk to business interests resulting from political instability or political change.
  • Companies can reduce their exposure to political risk by careful planning and monitoring political developments.
  • The company should know how politically stable the country is, strength of its institutions, existence of any political or religious conflicts, ethnic composition, and minority rights.
  • The country's standing in the international arena should also be part of the consideration; this includes its relations with neighbors, border disputes, membership in international organizations, and recognition of international law.
  • Insurance companies offering political risk insurance will generally provide coverage against inconvertibility, expropriation and political violence, including civil strife (US Small Business Administration).

• The Breakdown of Sectional Balance

  • The Mexican–American War was a source of conflict in the 1840s, compounding the sectional divides that already split political coalitions.
  • In 1840, territorial expansion became a priority for President James Polk, as Texas was annexed shortly before his inauguration.Believing in the "Manifest Destiny" of the United States to expand to the Pacific, Polk supported "Texans in their efforts to seize all land to the Rio Grande and claim the river as their southern and western border, in spite of the fact that Mexico claimed the Nueces River as the Texan border.With the annexation of Texas and the growing conflict between Mexicans and Texans, the Mexican government broke diplomatic relations with the United States.
  • With the conflict over the Texan border escalating, Polk sent Zachary Taylor and American troops into Texas to defend the Rio Grande boundary, provoking the outbreak of war.The American public largely supported the war and was eager for news of conquest and war stories disseminated from newspapers and magazines.The war also held romantic appeal for Americans who believed that it was the destiny of the United States to possess the North American continent and to expand "progressive democracy" to new territories acquired from backward nations.
  • However, the Mexican War was the source of much political conflict in the 1840s and compounded the sectional divides that already split national political coalitions.Most Whigs in the North and South opposed the war, while most Democrats supported it.In particular, Southern Democrats who were animated by the belief in Manifest Destiny enthusiastically supported the war in hope of adding slave-owning territory to the South (and thereby maintaining a political-balance of power with the faster-growing North).For most Whigs, the Mexican War represented little more than a weak justification by southern politicians for the aggressive expansion of slavery.However, Polk and southern Democrats continued to justify the war using arguments of Manifest Destiny and claiming that territory ceded from Mexico would repay the United States for several hefty loans given to the Mexican government during its war of independence.
  • -Mexican border of the Rio Grande River, and ceded the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico; most of Arizona and Colorado; and parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming to the United States.In return, Mexico received $18,250,000, and the U.S. agreed to assume $3.25 million in debts that the Mexican government owed to U.S. citizens.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a source of controversy among U.S.