Peter Kropotkin

(noun)

A Russian zoologist, philosopher, scientist, and revolutionary who highlighted the role of cooperation among humans in evolution. His work influenced Reform Darwinists, who argued-- contrary to Social Darwinists-- that societies could make evolution work to the benefit of all.

Related Terms

Examples of Peter Kropotkin in the following topics:

  • Reform Darwinism

    • Peter Kropotkin argued in his 1902 book Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution that Darwin did not define the fittest as the strongest, or the most clever, but recognized that the fittest could be those who cooperated with each other.

  • The Brief Reign of Peter III

  • Peter the Great

    • The early years of Peter the Great were marked by power struggles among multiple heirs to the Russian tsardom as well as Peter's European travels that greatly inspired his modernizing reforms.
    • Yet, Peter could not acquire actual control over Russian affairs.
    • Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia.
    • Peter knew that Russia could not face the Ottoman Empire alone.
    • A statue of Peter I working incognito at a Dutch wharf, St.

  • Peter's Domestic Reforms

    • Simultaneously, Peter remained faithful to the canons of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
    • Furthermore, a new ecclesiastic educational system was begun under Peter.
    • In 1703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great established the Peter and Paul fortress on small Hare Island by the north bank of the Neva River.
    • The sentence could be carried out only with Peter's signed authorization but Alexei died in prison, as Peter hesitated before making the decision.
    • Explain Peter's domestic reforms and what he hoped to accomplish with each of them.

  • The Westernization of Russia

    • Peter also introduced critical social reform.
    • That was among the most audacious of Peter's reforms.
    • Peter's reign deepened the subjugation of serfs to the will of landowners.
    • Peter's reforms set him apart from the Tsars that preceded him.
    • Discuss the reasons why Peter worked so hard to forcibly Westernize Russia.

  • Peter's Foreign Policy

    • Peter's first military efforts were directed against the Ottoman Turks.
    • However, Peter managed to gain access to the Caspian Sea.
    • Peter I had meanwhile recovered and gained ground in Sweden's Baltic provinces.
    • While during Peter's reign, Russia did not formally wage wars with Poland-Lithuania, Peter made the most of the internal chaos and power struggles in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
    • While Peter successfully occupied Azov in 1696, the gains did not last long.

  • Flemish Painting in the Baroque Period

    • Antwerp—the home of Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony Van Dyck, and Jacob Jordaens—figured prominently as a point of artistic production during this time, as did Brussels and Ghent to a lesser extent.
    • Peter Paul Rubens, the preeminent painter of the Flemish Baroque style, had a strong influence on the artistic aesthetic of the 17th century.
    • Peter Paul Rubens was the dominant painter in this category, though his student Anthony Van Dyck also became prominent.
    • Many genre artists follow the tradition of Peter Brueghel the Elder in their depiction of the lower classes.
    • The style developed from earlier 16th century Flemish landscape paintings, which were not particularly realistic and employed the semi-aerial view typical of Peter Brueghel the Elder.

  • Architecture of the Early Christian Church

    • Peter's church in Rome.
    • Peter's, which replaced the original during the Italian Renaissance.)
    • Peter's faced West to commemorate the church's namesake, who, according to the popular narrative, was crucified upside down.
    • Peter's followed the plan of the Roman basilica and added a transept (labeled "Bema" in this diagram) to give the church a cruciform shape.
    • Peter's, San Vitale consists of a central dome surrounded by two ambulatories.

  • Social Constructionism

    • Social constructionism is a school of thought introduced into sociology by Peter L.
    • One of the key theorists of social constructionism, Peter Berger, explored this concept extensively in his book, The Sacred Canopy.

  • Rome and the Papal States

    • Because the Papacy wanted to surpass the grandeur of other Italian cities, the popes built increasingly extravagant churches, bridges, town squares, and public spaces, including a new Saint Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, Ponte Sisto (the first bridge to be built across the Tiber since antiquity), and Piazza Navona.
    • Peter's Basilica was demolished and the construction of a new one began .
    • Peter's Basilica on or before 1564, although it was unfinished when he died.
    • Peter's Basilica in Vatican City.