peer review

Examples of peer review in the following topics:

• Publishing Scientific Work

  • Publication of scientific research in a peer-reviewed journal allows other scientists access to the research.
  • Instead, most scientists present their results in peer-reviewed manuscripts that are published in scientific journals.
  • Peer-reviewed manuscripts are scientific papers that are reviewed by a scientist's colleagues or peers.
  • The process of peer review helps to ensure that the research described in a scientific paper or grant proposal is original, significant, logical, and thorough.
  • Grant proposals, which are requests for research funding, are also subject to peer review.

• The Species Concept in Microbiology

  • The International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology/International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM) is a peer-reviewed journal that acts as the official international forum for the publication of new prokaryotic taxa.
  • If a species is published in a different peer review journal, the author can submit a request to IJSEM with the appropriate description.

• Browsing Content and Text Online

  • Most scholarly articles in print journals undergo a peer-review process, in which several readers must examine and approve the content for publication.
  • Many (though not all) articles on Google Scholar are peer reviewed as well.
  • If your source is a peer-reviewed article, that is an indicator of high-quality material.
  • You can also look for information presented on organizational websites and in peer-reviewed online journals.

• Analytical Epidemiology

  • Epidemiologists help with study design, collection and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review).

• Tools for commit review

  • Discuss how human-centered commit review can be linked with automated buildbots that may or may not be a hard gateway to the central repository.
  • Aside from the obvious technical benefits of peer review (see the section called "Practice Conspicuous Code Review"), commit emails help create a sense of community, because they establish a shared environment in which people can react to events (commits) that they know are visible to others as well.
  • If they have to click on a URL to review the change, most won't do it, because that requires a new action instead of a continuation of what they were already doing.
  • Convenient reviewing and commenting is a cornerstone of cooperative development, and much too important to do without. )
  • That is, when someone reviews a commit and writes a response, their response should be automatically directed toward the human development list, where technical issues are normally discussed.

• Practice Conspicuous Code Review

  • Commit review (sometimes just called code review) is the practice of reviewing commits as they come in, looking for bugs and possible improvements.
  • There are a couple of reasons to focus on reviewing changes, rather than on reviewing code that's been around for a while.
  • It's the most obvious example of peer review in the open source world, and directly helps to maintain software quality.
  • Reviews should be public.
  • Start doing reviews from very first commit.

• Review Techniques

  • The four methods of collecting performance review data: objective production, personnel, judgmental evaluation, and peer or self evaluation.

• Behavior Modification

  • In the above example, this would involve a student-teacher conference with a review of the relevant material, and calling on the student when it is evident that she knows the answer to the question posed.
  • A student receives an intrinsic reinforcer by correctly answering in the presence of peers, thus increasing self-esteem and confidence.
  • Reduction in the frequency of rewards--a gradual decrease the amount of one-on-one review with the student before class discussion.

• Peer Groups

  • The influence of the peer group typically peaks during adolescence.
  • Among peers, children learn to form relationships on their own.
  • Peer groups can also serve as a venue for teaching members gender roles.
  • As members of peer groups interconnect, and agree, a normative code arises.
  • The term "peer pressure" is often used to describe instances where an individual feels indirectly pressured into changing their behavior to match that of their peers.

• Delivering Constructive Feedback

  • Most often, 360-degree feedback will include opinions from an employee's subordinates, peers, and supervisor(s), as well as a self-evaluation.
  • The 360-degree assessment may be contrasted with "upward feedback," where managers are given feedback only by their direct reports, or with a traditional performance appraisal, in which employees are most often reviewed only by their managers.
  • At the end of a project, team members benefit from reviewing how they worked together, how well they met the project objectives, and whether they achieved the planned outcome.
  • This after-action review entails a candid analysis of work product, communication practices, individual effort, coordination and planning, and other key aspects related to the project.