parathyroid gland

Examples of parathyroid gland in the following topics:

• Overview of the Parathyroid Glands

  • The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone.
  • The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands—approximately the size of a grain of rice—in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone.
  • The two parathyroid glands on each side that are positioned higher are called the superior parathyroid glands, while the lower two are called the inferior parathyroid glands.
  • Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
  • The parathyroid gland in relation to the thyroid gland.

• Parathyroid Glands

  • Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which is responsible for specific physiological responses in the body related to calcium.
  • The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands that produce parathyroid hormone.
  • Most people have four parathyroid glands; however, the number can vary from two to six.
  • The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior of the thyroid gland.
  • Describe how the parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood

• Parathyroid Hormone

  • The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized endocrine glands located on the rear side of the thyroid gland.
  • The major function of the parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range, so that the nervous and muscular systems, which depend on calcium to transmit action potentials, can function properly.
  • When blood calcium levels drop below a certain point, the calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland are activated, and the parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) into the blood.
  • This interaction between parathyroid hormone and calcitonin is also an important part of bone remodeling.
  • Parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of calcium in the blood. to the parathyroid glands.

• Parathyroid Gland Disorders

  • Many conditions are associated with disorders of the function of the parathyroid gland .
  • Often, these "localizing" tests used to "find" the bad parathyroid gland are not successful in locating which parathyroid gland has become a tumor.
  • The use of ultrasound-guided FNA, and parathyroid hormone washings can confirm the abnormal glands.
  • Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with under production of parathyroid hormone.
  • The parathyroid gland in relation to the thyroid gland.

• Bone Tissue and the Effects of Aging

  • Calcium-sensing membrane receptors in the parathyroid gland monitor calcium levels in the extracellular fluid.
  • Low levels of calcium stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from chief cells of the parathyroid gland.
  • High levels of calcium in the blood, on the other hand, lead to decreased PTH release from the parathyroid gland.

• Overview of Endocrine Glands

  • A collection of endocrine glands makes up the endocrine system: the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads.
  • There are four parathyroid glands, all located on the thyroid gland.
  • All four glands also secrete parathyroid hormone, or PTH, which causes calcium to be released from the bones back into the extracellular fluid.
  • The adrenal glands are a pair of ductless glands located above the kidneys.
  • Differentiate among the types of endocrine glands (pituitary [posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary], thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreas) in the endocrine system

• Bone and Calcium Homeostasis

  • Calcium release from bone is regulated by parathyroid hormone.
  • When blood calcium concentration rises, the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland increase calcitonin secretion into the blood.
  • At the same time, the parathyroid glands reduce parathyroid hormone secretion into the blood.

• Calcium and Phosphate Balance Regulation

  • Absorption is controlled by vitamin D while excretion is controlled by parathyroid hormones.
  • However, the distribution from bone to plasma is controlled by both the parathyroid hormones and vitamin D.
  • It is the ionized calcium concentration that is monitored by the parathyroid gland and if low, parathyroid hormone secretion is increased.
  • Any excess is excreted by the kidney and this excretion is increased by the parathyroid hormone.
  • Plasma phosphate has no direct effect on parathyroid hormone secretion; however, if it is elevated it combines with Ca++, decreasing ionized Ca++ in plasma, and thereby increasing parathyroid hormone secretion.

• Hormonal Control of Blood Calcium Levels

  • Blood levels of calcium are regulated by the parathyroid hormone, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to keep levels constant.
  • Blood calcium levels are regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is produced by the parathyroid glands.
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released in response to low blood calcium levels.

• Development of the Endocrine System

  • The main endocrine glands are the hypothalamus (neuro-endocrine gland), pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas, and gonads.
  • The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body.
  • Pineal gland 2.
  • Thyroid gland 4.
  • Adrenal gland 6.