parallel evolution

(noun)

the development of a similar trait in related, but distinct, species descending from the same ancestor, but from different clades

Related Terms

Examples of parallel evolution in the following topics:

  • Convergent Evolution

    • Convergent evolution occurs in different species that have evolved similar traits independently of each other.
    • Convergent evolution describes the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
    • Convergent evolution is similar to, but distinguishable from, the phenomenon of parallel evolution.
    • Parallel evolution occurs when two independent but similar species evolve in the same direction and thus independently acquire similar characteristics; for example, gliding frogs have evolved in parallel from multiple types of tree frog.
    • The opposite of convergent evolution is divergent evolution, whereby related species evolve different traits.

  • Selective Breeding

    • Selective breeding is a field concerned with testing hypotheses and theories of evolution by using controlled experiments.
    • Experimental evolution is a field in evolutionary and experimental biology that is concerned with testing hypotheses and theories of evolution by using controlled experiments.
    • One of the first to carry out a controlled evolution experiment was William Dallinger.
    • More recently, evolutionary biologists have realized that the key to successful experimentation lies in extensive parallel replication of evolving lineages as well as a larger number of generations of selection.
    • Drawing of the incubator used by Dallinger in his evolution experiments.

  • Sociobiology

    • In the course of human evolution, we had to run away from predators.
    • Sociobiology is a field of scientific study which is based on the assumption that social behavior has resulted from evolution.
    • Often considered a branch of biology and sociology, it also draws from ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, population genetics, and other disciplines.
    • Critics also see parallels between sociobiology and biological determinism as a philosophy underlying the social Darwinian and eugenics movements of the early 20th century as well as controversies in the history of intelligence testing.

  • Evolution of Angiosperms

  • Evolution of Angiosperms

    • The same geological period is also marked by the appearance of many modern groups of insects, including pollinating insects that played a key role in ecology and the evolution of flowering plants.
    • New data in comparative genomics and paleobotany have, however, shed some light on the evolution of angiosperms.
    • Rather than being derived from gymnosperms, angiosperms form a sister clade (a species and its descendents) that developed in parallel with the gymnosperms.

  • The Cosmos

    • Religious cosmology explains the origin, history, and evolution of the universe based on the religious mythology of a specific tradition.
    • Religious cosmology is a way of explaining the origin, the history, and the evolution of the cosmos or universe, based on the religious mythology of a specific tradition.
    • Buddhists posit neither an ultimate beginning or final end to the universe, but see the universe as something in flux, passing in and out of existence, parallel to an infinite number of other universes doing the same thing.

  • Combinations of Capacitors: Series and Parallel

    • Like any other form of electrical circuitry device, capacitors can be used in series and/or in parallel within circuits.
    • It is possible for a circuit to contain capacitors that are both in series and in parallel.
    • However, these are both in parallel with C3.
    • This image depicts capacitors C1, C2, and so on until Cn in parallel.
    • Calculate the total capacitance for the capacitors connected in series and in parallel

  • Resistors in Parallel

    • Resistors in a circuit can be connected in series or in parallel.
    • Therefore, for every circuit with $n$ number or resistors connected in parallel,
    • $R_{n \;(parallel)} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} ... + \frac{1}{R_n}.$
    • Three resistors connected in parallel to a battery and the equivalent single or parallel resistance.
    • Calculate the total resistance in the circuit with resistors connected in parallel

  • The Arndt-Eistert Reaction

    • The rearrangement of acyl nitrenes to isocyanates that is the crux of the Hofmann, Curtius and Lossen rearrangements, is paralleled by the rearrangement of acyl carbenes to ketenes, a transformation called the Wolff rearrangement.
    • When an ether solution of diazomethane is slowly added to a warm solution of the acid chloride, nitrogen evolution is observed and the chloromethyl ketone is the chief product.
    • If the addition is reversed, so that a cold solution of the acid chloride is added slowly to an excess of diazomethane in cold ether solution, nitrogen evolution is again observed; but two equivalents of diazomethane are consumed.

  • Common Targets of Organizational Change

    • Careful and objective consideration of what is working and what is not, as well as what is parallel with the broader organizational objectives and what is not, are critical to success here.
    • Recognize and discuss the various components of an organization which may undergo change through the evolution and adaptation of organizational strategy and/or objectives