Paget's disease

Examples of Paget's disease in the following topics:

• Paget's Disease

  • Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that causes affected bones to become large and misshapen.
  • Paget's disease of bone is a chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.
  • Paget's disease is rarely diagnosed in people less than 40 years of age.
  • High magnification micrograph of Paget's disease of the bone.
  • Paget's disease of bone is shown in the left pelvis.

• Heart Failure

  • Common causes of heart failure include myocardial infarction and other forms of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.
  • However, these conditions can lead to heart failure, a disease that is common, costly, disabling, and potentially deadly.
  • This can occur from severe anemia, Gram negative septicaemia, beriberi (vitamin B1/thiamine deficiency), thyrotoxicosis, Paget's disease (a bone disease that puts strain upon the heart), arteriovenous fistulae, or arteriovenous malformations.
  • Heart murmurs may indicate the presence of valvular heart disease, either as a cause (aortic stenosis) or result (mitral regurgitation) of heart failure.
  • Treatment focuses on improving the symptoms and preventing the progression of the disease.

• Diffraction Revisited

  • George Paget Thomson passed a beam of electrons through a thin metal film and observed the predicted interference patterns.

• Neurodegenerative Disorders

  • Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of nervous system functioning.
  • Neurodegenerative disorders include Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, other dementia disorders, and Parkinson's disease.
  • Parkinson's disease is also a neurodegenerative disease.
  • The disease probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, similar to Alzheimer's disease .
  • Distinguish between the neurodegenerative disorders of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

• Disease Severity and Duration

  • An acute disease is a short-lived disease, like the common cold.
  • A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.
  • A progressive disease is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death, serious debility, or organ failure occurs.
  • Slowly progressive diseases are also chronic diseases; many are also degenerative diseases.
  • The opposite of progressive disease is stable disease or static disease: a medical condition that exists, but does not get better or worse.

• Autoimmune Diseases

  • Autoimmune diseases are an inappropriate immune response against tissues in the body.
  • Autoimmune diseases are commonly considered complex immune disorders.
  • While many autoimmune diseases are rare, collectively these diseases afflict millions of patients.
  • However, defects of one or more of these genes do not cause an autoimmune disease, but only predispose a person for an autoimmune disease.
  • The factors that trigger an autoimmune disease are still unknown.

• Vaccination

  • Active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure (in response to actually contracting an infectious disease) or it may be acquired intentionally, via the administration of an antigen, commonly known as vaccination .
  • Once your immune system has been trained to resist a disease, you are said to be immune to it.
  • Certain infectious diseases, such as Smallpox, have been completely eradicated.
  • By these vaccinated children not contracting these diseases, their parents, grandparents, friends and relatives (not vaccinated against these diseases themselves) will also be protected.
  • Describe how active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure or by vaccination

• World Health Trends

  • The main diseases and health conditions prioritized by global health initiatives are sometimes classified under the terms diseases of affluence and diseases of poverty, although the impacts of globalization are increasingly blurring any such distinction.
  • Examples of diseases of affluence include Type II diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, obesity, hypertension, cancer, and alcoholism.
  • In 2008, nearly 80% of deaths due to non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, strokes, chronic lung diseases, cancers, and diabetes, occurred in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Together, these three diseases account for 10% of global mortality.
  • As the above discussion of diseases of poverty and diseases of affluence reveals, health trends are closely related to social, political, and economic patterns.

• Lyme Disease

  • In 1984, blood tests for Lyme disease became widely available; in 1987, it became a reportable disease, which required physicians to notify the State when a patient tested positive for Lyme disease.
  • Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
  • Although Allen Steere realized that Lyme disease was a tick-borne disease in 1978, the cause of the disease remained a mystery until 1981, when B. burgdorferi was identified by Willy Burgdorfer.
  • Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases as well.

• Infectious Diseases Today and in the Developing World

  • Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases, are clinically evident illnesses resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents.
  • However, some infectious diseases remain a problem today.
  • The top three single agent/disease killers are HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
  • Normally not a problem to North Americans, malaria is the infectious disease most deadly to children worldwide.
  • Assess the implications of infectious diseases in terms of health care and life expectancy of individuals