organ of Corti

Examples of organ of Corti in the following topics:

• Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Nerve

  • Processes from the organ of Corti (the receptor organ for hearing) conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia.
  • It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activating the afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound.
  • The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs.
  • Three of these are the cristae, located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals.
  • The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle.

• Development of Hearing and Balance

  • The human inner ear develops during week four of embryonic development from the auditory placode, a thickening of the ectoderm that gives rise to the bipolar neurons of the cochlear and vestibular ganglions.
  • They contain the sensory hair cells and otoliths of the macula of utricle and of the saccule, respectively, which respond to linear acceleration and the force of gravity.
  • Beginning in the fifth week of development, the auditory vesicle also gives rise to the cochlear duct, which contains the spiral organ of Corti and the endolymph that accumulates in the membranous labyrinth.
  • The hair cells develop from the lateral and medial ridges of the cochlear duct, which together with the tectorial membrane make up the organ of Corti.
  • Describe the development of the inner ear for hearing and balance

• Transduction of Sound

  • The structures of the inner ear are found in the labyrinth, a bony, hollow structure that is the most interior portion of the ear.
  • The site of transduction is in the organ of Corti (spiral organ).
  • Hair cells can respond to a small range of similar frequencies, but they require stimulation of greater intensity to fire at frequencies outside of their optimal range.
  • Different thicknesses of membrane vibrate in response to different frequencies of sound.
  • The organ of Corti (bottom image) is the site of sound transduction.

• Audition: Hearing, the Ear, and Sound Localization

  • The main sensory organ responsible for the ability to hear is the ear, which can be broken down into the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
  • The ear is the main sensory organ of the auditory system.
  • The outer ear is the external portion of the ear, much of which can be seen on the outside of the human head.
  • Fluid movement within these canals stimulates hair cells of the organ of Corti, a ribbon of sensory cells along the cochlea.
  • A cross-section of the cochlea, the main sensory organ of hearing, located in the inner ear.

• Levels of Organization

  • Living organisms are made up of four levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
  • An organism is made up of four levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
  • The heart, lungs, and brain are all examples of organs.
  • An organ system is a collection of organs that that work together to perform a similar function.
  • An organism contains organ systems made up of organs that consist of tissues, which are in turn made up of cells.

• Formal Structure

  • Formal structure of an organization or group includes a fixed set of rules for intra-organization procedures and structures.
  • The formal structure of a group or organization includes a fixed set of rules of procedures and structures, usually set out in writing, with a language of rules that ostensibly leave little discretion for interpretation.
  • A formal organization has its own set of distinct characteristics.
  • Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization.
  • A formal organization is a fixed set of rules of intra-organization procedures and structures.

• Organ Transplants

  • Organ transplantation involves moving organs between bodies (or from donor sites on patients' bodies) for the purpose of replacing recipients' damaged or absent organs.
  • The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs re-grown from the patient's own cells using stem cells or cells extracted from the failing organs.
  • Organs capable of transplantation include hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, pancreases, intestines, and thymus glands.
  • Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of the corneas) can be preserved and stored for up to five years: they can be 'banked. '
  • Transplantation raises a number of bioethical issues, including the definition of death, when and how consent should be given for organ transplantation, and the possibility of payment for transplantation organs.

• Flat versus tall organizations

  • Flat organizations follow the decentralized approach, or organic system.
  • More decisions are made at the middle levels of the organization.
  • Internally, the organization as a whole encourages more participation between all levels of the organization.
  • In this environment, multiple levels of management control decision making processes and employees within the organization.
  • Since this type of structure has more levels, the division of labor is much more specialized.

• Tissues in Levels of Organization

  • The human body is organized at several levels of scale that can each be examined.
  • The human body has many levels of structural organization.
  • At the organ level, complex functions become possible because of the specialized activities of various tissues.
  • An organism is made up of interconnected organ systems.
  • List the various levels of structural organization that make up the human body

• Layers in an Organization: Tall vs Flat Organizations

  • Tall organizations have several tiers in their structural hierarchy and multiple levels of management control with regard to the daily operations of the organization.
  • Given the numerous levels of the organization involved in daily operations, decision making tends to take longer and be more impersonal. "" Given this type of structure has more levels, the division of labor also tends to become much more specialized.
  • Flat organizations follow the decentralized approach or organic system of organization and management.
  • This type of structure promotes task interdependence with less attention to formal procedures and more decisions are made at the middle levels of the organization.
  • Various factors, both internal (i.e. management style, culture, etc.) and external (i.e. competition, regulation, etc.) to the organization, influence what type of structure an organization assumes.