optical vesicle

Examples of optical vesicle in the following topics:

• Development of Vision

  • Neural tube: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles .
  • Development of the optic vesicles starts in the three week embryo from a progressively deepening groove in the neural plate called the optic sulcus.
  • Epidermis: The optic vesicles come into contact with the epithelum and induce the epidermis.
  • The lens acts as an inducer back to the optic vesicle to transform it into the optic cup and back to the epidermis to transform it into the cornea.
  • After the closure of the tube they are known as the optic vesicles.

• Fourth Week of Development

  • At the end of the fourth week the yolk sac presents the appearance of a small pear-shaped vesicle (the umbilical vesicle) opening into the digestive tube by a long narrow tube, the vitelline duct.
  • The optical vesicle (which will eventually become the optic nerve, retina, and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon.
  • A white circle represents the area of the optical vesicle.

• Embryonic Development of the Brain

  • The optical vesicle (which will eventually become the optic nerve, retina and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon.

• Embryonic Development

  • The prosencephalon further goes on to develop into the telencephalon (the forebrain or cerebrum) and the diencephalon (the optic vesicles and hypothalamus).

• Gas Vesicles

  • There is a simple relationship between the diameter of the gas vesicle and pressure at which it will collapse - the wider the gas vesicle the weaker it becomes.
  • However, wider gas vesicles are more efficient.
  • They provide more buoyancy per unit of protein than narrow gas vesicles.
  • This will select for species with narrower, stronger gas vesicles.
  • Discuss the role of a gas vesicle in regards to survival

• Optic (II) Nerve

  • The optic nerve is also known as cranial nerve II.
  • The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves.
  • As a consequence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness.
  • The optic nerve leaves the orbit, which is also known as an eye socket, via the optic canal, running posteromedially toward the optic chiasm, where there is a partial decussation (crossing) of fibers from the nasal visual fields of both eyes.
  • An illustration of the brain highlighting the optic nerve and optic tract.

• Vesicles and Vacuoles

  • Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport.
  • Vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.
  • Vesicles can also fuse with other organelles within the cell.
  • Vesicles perform a variety of functions.
  • Vesicles are involved in metabolism, transport, buoyancy control, and enzyme storage.

• Exocytosis

  • The first stage is called vesicle trafficking.
  • The next stage that occurs is vesicle tethering, which links the vesicle to the cell membrane by biological material at half the diameter of a vesicle.
  • Next, the vesicle's membrane and the cell membrane connect and are held together in the vesicle docking step.
  • The final stage, vesicle fusion, involves the merging of the vesicle membrane with the target membrane.
  • In exocytosis, vesicles containing substances fuse with the plasma membrane.

• The Golgi Apparatus

  • We have already mentioned that vesicles can bud from the ER and transport their contents elsewhere, but where do the vesicles go?
  • The transport vesicles that formed from the ER travel to the cis face, fuse with it, and empty their contents into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.
  • Finally, the modified and tagged proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles that bud from the trans face of the Golgi.
  • While some of these vesicles deposit their contents into other parts of the cell where they will be used, other secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside the cell.
  • Several vesicles can be seen near the Golgi apparatus.

• Lasers

  • A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to supply energy to it, and something to provide optical feedback.
  • A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to supply energy to it, and something to provide optical feedback (usually an optical cavity).
  • When a gain medium is placed in an optical cavity, a laser can then produce a coherent beam of photons.
  • The gain medium is where the optical amplification process occurs.
  • The most common type of laser uses feedback from an optical cavity--a pair of highly reflective mirrors on either end of the gain medium.