Office of Price Administration

Examples of Office of Price Administration in the following topics:

• Economic Controls

  • Three of them, the Office of Price Administration (OPA; est. 1941), the Office of Administrator of Export Control (est. 1940; its functions later transferred to the Economic Defense Board and in 1943 to the Office of Economic Warfare) and the War Production Board (WPB; est. 1943) were among the federal agencies in charge of controlling the economy so that the United States was able to meet the demands of World War II.
  • Executive Order 8875 established the Office of Price Administration (OPA) in 1941.
  • At the peak, almost 90% of retail food prices were frozen.
  • The same year, the Office of Administrator of Export Control was established to administer the provisions of the act.
  • Describe the role of the Office of Price Administration, the Office of Administrator of Export Control, and the War Production Board in controlling the U.S. economy during WWII.

• Government Involvement

  • In the early years of American history, most political leaders were reluctant to involve the federal government too heavily in the private sector, except in the area of transportation.
  • By the turn of the century, a middle class had developed that was leery of both the business elite and the somewhat radical political movements of farmers and laborers in the Midwest and West.
  • Many of today's U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission.
  • New Deal leaders flirted with the idea of building closer ties between business and government, but some of these efforts did not survive past World War II.
  • Automakers built tanks and aircraft, for example, making the United States the "arsenal of democracy. " In an effort to prevent rising national income and scarce consumer products to cause inflation, the newly created Office of Price Administration controlled rents on some dwellings, rationed consumer items ranging from sugar to gasoline, and otherwise tried to restrain price increases.

• Economic Conversion

  • Following the New Deal practice, the Roosevelt Administration established a number of new government agencies or expanded the role of those launched under the New Deal in order to convert the peacetime economy to the requirements imposed by the war effort.
  • The Office of Production Management (OPM) and the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board were both in charge of how natural resources were used for the war effort.
  • The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established within the Office for Emergency Management on August 28, 1941 to control prices (and thus inflation) and rents after the outbreak of World War II.
  • The War Production Board was dissolved shortly after the defeat of Japan in 1945, and was replaced by the Civilian Production Administration in late 1945.
  • Production was encouraged and prices and markets were under tight federal control. 

• Preparing the Budget

  • The Office of Management and Budget is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President.
  • The largest offices of the OMB are the four Resource Management Offices.
  • In addition to these departments, staff members from the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division, and the Legislative Reference Division provide important support for the general operations of the OMB.
  • The Office of Management and Budget plays a key role in preparing the president's budget request to Congress.
  • Summarize the key role played by the Office of Management and Budget in shaping the President's budget request

• The Executive Office of the President

  • The Executive Office of the President (EOP) consists of the immediate and support staff of the President of the United States.
  • Based on the recommendations of a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts, the Brownlow Committee, Roosevelt was able to get Congress to approve the Reorganization Act of 1939.
  • In each of these areas, the OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.
  • Trade Representative (1963), the Council on Environmental Quality (1970), the Office of Science and Technology Policy (1976), the Office of Administration (1977), and the Office of National Drug Control Policy (1989).
  • The staff of the Executive Office of the President is managed by the White House Chief of Staff.

• The Executive Office of the President

  • The Executive Office of the President is comprised of a Chief of Staff, Counsel, Press Secretary, and other members assisting the President of the United States.
  • The White House Chief of Staff is an Assistant to the President, and is the highest-ranking employee of the White House Office inside the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
  • Bush Administration, Joel Kaplan held this title for Policy.
  • Trade Representative (1963), the Council on Environmental Quality (1970), the Office of Science and Technology Policy (1976), the Office of Administration (1977), and the Office of National Drug Control Policy (1989).
  • Bush, additional units were added, such as the Office of Homeland Security (2001), which later became a cabinet department, and the Office of Faith-based and Community Initiatives (2001).

• The Staff System

  • Congressional staff are employees of the United States Congress or individual members of Congress.
  • Congressional staff are employees of the United States Congress or individual members of Congress.
  • The various types of congressional staff are as follows: personal staff, who work for individual members of Congress; committee staff, who serve either the majority or minority on congressional committees; leadership staff, who work for the speaker, majority and minority leaders, and the majority and minority whips; institutional staff, who include the majority and minority party floor staff and non-partisan staff; and the support agency staff, who are the non-partisan employees of the Congressional Research Service (CRS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and Government Accountability Office (GAO).
  • The Russell Senate Office Building houses several Congressional staff members, including those on the United States Senate Committees on Armed Services, Rules and Administration, Veterans' Affairs, and others.
  • Differentiate between the roles of different congressional staff; in the Congressional Research Service, Congressional Budget Office, and Government Accountability Office

• Price Fixing

  • Price fixing is a collusion between competitors in order to raise prices of a good or service, at the expense of competitive pricing.
  • The intent of price fixing may be to push the price of a product as high as possible, leading to profits for all sellers but may also have the goal to fix, peg, discount , or stabilize prices.
  • These are all instances of price fixing.
  • Because of this, price fixing is illegal in most developed countries.
  • Virgin Atlantic has since been granted immunity by both the Office of Fair Trading and the United States Department of Justice who have been investigating the allegations since June 2006.

• Demand-Based Pricing

  • The goal of value-based pricing is to align the price with the value of the product.
  • It is common in the software business (Microsoft Office package), cable TV (basic cable, internet, phone), and food as well (burger, fries and a soda).
  • The goal of value-based pricing is to align the price with the value of the product.
  • Psychological pricing is one cause of price points.
  • The goal of value-based pricing is to align a price with the value delivered.

• Domestic Policies

  • Carter had problems securing the loyalty of his cabinet, firing five members in 1979 and thus enhancing perceptions that his administration was weak.
  • Eula Bingham as Director of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
  • Bingham enacted many of these provisions over the opposition of not only Republicans, but also some in the Carter Administration itself.
  • This sparked the 1973 Oil Crisis and forced oil prices to rise sharply, spurring price inflation throughout the economy and slowing growth.
  • The lines were quelled through the lifting of price controls on gasoline, although oil controls remained until Reagan's presidency years later.