New Federalism

Examples of New Federalism in the following topics:

• New Federalism and State Control

  • New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.
  • Unlike the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, the primary objective of New Federalism is some restoration of autonomy and power that the states lost as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
  • As a policy theme, New Federalism typically involves the federal government providing block grants to the states to resolve a social issue.
  • Brandeis' opinion in New Ice Co. set the stage for new federalism.
  • Discuss how the Supreme Court's understanding of the Commerce Clause shaped the New Federalism

• The Devolution Revolution

  • The term "devolution revolution" came from the Reagan ideology and is associated with New Federalism.
  • New Federalism, which is characterized by a gradual return of power to the states, was initiated by President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) with his "devolution revolution" in the early 1980s, and lasted until 2001.
  • The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power that they lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
  • New Federalism is sometimes called "states' rights," which is a theory in U.S. politics that refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government.
  • Describe the set of practices that together comprised the "devolution revolution" associated with the New Federalism

• Federalism

  • As part of New Federalism, the Reagan administration introduced a practice of giving block grants, freeing state governments to spend the money at their own discretion.
  • Roosevelt's New Deal policies reached into the lives of U.S. citizens like no other federal measure had.
  • Another movement calling itself "New Federalism" appeared in the late 20th century and early 21st century.
  • New Federalism, which is characterized by a gradual return of power to the states, was initiated by President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) with his "devolution revolution" in the early 1980s and lasted until 2001. .
  • New Federalism is sometimes called "states' rights", although its proponents usually eschew the latter term because of its associations with Jim Crow and segregation.

• Governmental Interest Groups

  • This support often comes in the form of federal grants.
  • The practice of local governments lobbying the federal government started with the New Deal during which an attempt was made to organize the distribution of funds and programs during that period.
  • However, and particularly with President Reagan's move towards what was known as New Federalism, there has been a move to shrink the size of the federal government and also federal grants.
  • These women are learning new skills in a Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) program in Pennsylvania during the Great Depression.
  • FERA was part of the New Deal federal funding to state and local governments.

• The Federal Reserve Act

  • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913.
  • The decision to create twelve regional banks was meant to weaken the influence of the powerful New York banks, a key demand of Bryan's allies in the South and West.
  • Wilson named Paul Warburg and other prominent bankers to direct the Federal Reserve.
  • The new system began operations in 1915, playing a significant role in financing the Allied and American war effort.
  • Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.

• The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government

  • The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government
  • This concept arose after dual federalism in the United States in the 1930s.
  • There are significant advantages in a federal system to obtain state assistance in the local implementation of federal programs.
  • It may open both federal and state courts to enforcement of that right, by specifically providing concurrent jurisdiction in the federal courts.
  • Describe how the federal government works with the states under a model of cooperative federalism

• The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)

  • The NCUA is the independent federal agency created by the U.S.
  • Congress to regulate, charter, and supervise federal credit unions.
  • The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is the United States independent federal agency that supervises and charters federal credit unions.
  • Roosevelt in 1934 as part of the New Deal.
  • The National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF) is the federal fund created by Congress in 1970 to insure member's deposits in federally insured credit unions.

• The Development of Holidays

  • In 1870, Congress enacted the first four federal holidays: New Year's Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
  • Federal holidays are only established for certain federally chartered and regulated businesses (such as federal banks) and for Washington, D.C.
  • As a result, holidays have not historically been governed at the federal level, and federal law does not govern business activities.
  • Although federal holidays were at first applicable only to federal employees in the District of Columbia, Congress extended coverage in 1885 to all federal employees.
  • George Washington's birthday became a federal holiday in 1880.

• Federalism

  • The most forceful defense of the new Constitution was The Federalist Papers , a compilation of 85 anonymous essays published in New York City to convince the people of the state to vote for ratification.
  • Those opposed to the new Constitution became known as the Anti-Federalists.
  • The federal government acquired no substantial new powers until the acceptance by the Supreme Court of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
  • Roosevelt's New Deal policies reached into the lives of U.S. citizens like no other federal measure had done.
  • The national government was forced to cooperate with all levels of government to implement the New Deal policies; local government earned an equal standing with the other layers, as the federal government relied on political machines at the city level to bypass state legislatures.

• Federal Mandates

  • Federal Mandates are used to implement activities to state and local governments since the post-New Deal era.
  • Certain changes in large entitlement programs refers to instances when new conditions or reductions in large entitlement programs, providing $500 million or more annually to state or local governments, are imposed by the federal government.
  • Lastly, a reduction in federal funding for an existing mandate refers to a reduction or elimination of federal funding authorized to cover the costs of an existing mandate.
  • The period between the New Deal era and the mid-1980s witnessed a court that generally utilized an expansive interpretation of the interstate commerce clause and the Fourteenth Amendment to validate the growth of the federal government's involvement in domestic policymaking.
  • They implemented a careful examination of the true costs of federal unfunded mandates.