Muhammad

Examples of Muhammad in the following topics:

• Early Life of Muhammad

  • Muhammad unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam.
  • The Quran, the central religious text in Islam, alludes to Muhammad's life.
  • There are also traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad (the sira literature), which provide additional information about Muhammad's life.
  • His father, Abdullah, died almost six months before Muhammad was born.
  • Muhammad is said to have asked for arrangements to marry both.

• Islam Ascendant

  • In March 624, Muhammad led three hundred warriors in a raid on a Meccan merchant caravan.
  • Muhammad and his followers saw the victory as confirmation of their faith, and Muhammad said the victory was assisted by an invisible host of angels.
  • Following the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad was alarmed by a military threat from the confederate tribes of Hawazin, who were raising an army twice the size of Muhammad's.
  • Muhammad defeated the Hawazin and Thaqif tribes in the Battle of Hunayn.
  • The Masjid al-Qiblatain, where Muhammad established the new Qibla, or direction of prayer

• Flight from Mecca to Medina

  • According to Ibn Sad, one of Muhammad's companions, the opposition in Mecca started when Muhammad delivered verses that condemned idol worship and polytheism.
  • However, the Quran maintains that it began when Muhammad started public preaching.
  • However, Muhammad turned down both offers.
  • Muhammad took this opportunity to look for a new home for himself and his followers.
  • Muhammad's message of monotheism challenged the traditional social order in Mecca.

• The Quran

  • Upon receiving his first revelations, Muhammad was deeply distressed.
  • Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied by a vision.
  • Around 613, Muhammad began to preach to the public.
  • Nearly all Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.
  • A depiction of Muhammad receiving his first revelation from the angel Gabriel

• Muhammad's Successors

  • Muhammad's prominent companion Umar ibn al-Khattab nominated Abu Bakr, Muhammad's friend and collaborator.
  • This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali ibn Abi Talib, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated the successor by Muhammad at Ghadir Khumm.
  • Ali was Muhammad's first cousin and closest living male relative, as well as his son-in-law, having married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah.
  • After Muhammad's death, many Arabian tribes rejected Islam or withheld the alms tax established by Muhammad.
  • Many tribes claimed that they had submitted to Muhammad and that with Muhammad's death, their allegiance had ended.

• The Abbasid Empire

  • The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 750 CE, and ruled over a large, flourishing empire for three centuries.
  • The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name.
  • Muhammad ibn 'Ali, a great-grandson of Abbas, began to campaign for the return of power to the family of Muhammad, the Hashimites, in Persia during the reign of Umar II, an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 717–720 CE.
  • Most Shi'a Muslims had supported the Abbasid war against the Umayyads because the Abbasids claimed legitimacy with their familial connection to Muhammad, an important issue for Shi'a.
  • By the 920s, a Shi'a sect that only recognized the first five Imams and could trace its roots to Muhammad's daughter Fatima, took control of Idrisi and then Aghlabid domains.

• Early Islamic Society

  • According to William Montgomery Watt, for Muhammad, religion was not a private and individual matter, but rather "the total response of his personality to the total situation in which he found himself.
  • The historian Bernard Lewis says that there are two important political traditions in Islam—one that views Muhammad as a statesman in Medina, and another that views him as a rebel in Mecca.
  • Lewis writes about the significance of Muhammad's achievements: "He had achieved a great deal.
  • The Constitution of Medina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was drafted by Muhammad in 622.
  • It constituted a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib (later known as Medina), including Muslims, Jews, and pagans.

• Expansion Under the Umayyad Caliphates

  • The Umayyad Caliphate, the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad, expanded the territory of the Islamic state to one of the largest empires in history.
  • The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
  • Some Muslims felt that only members of Muhammad's Banu Hashim clan or those of his own lineage, such as the descendants of Ali, should rule.
  • Muhammad had stated explicitly during his lifetime that each religious minority should be allowed to practice its own religion and govern itself, and the policy had on the whole continued.
  • This map shows the extension of Islamic rule under Muhammad, the Rashidun Caliphate, and the Umayyad Caliphate.

• Employment in Finance

  • Muhammad Yunus is a banker who grew a field in microcredit and microfinance, opening up new types of financial employment.

• Arabian Cities

  • Camel caravans, said to have first been used by Muhammad's great-grandfather, were a major part of Mecca's bustling economy.
  • Medina is celebrated for containing the mosque of Muhammad.
  • In 622 AD, Muhammad and around 70 Meccan Muhajirun believers left Mecca for sanctuary in Yathrib, an event that transformed the religious and political landscape of the city completely.
  • Muhammad, linked to the Khazraj through his great-grandmother, was agreed on as civic leader.
  • According to Ibn Ishaq, the local pagan Arab tribes, the Muslim Muhajirun from Mecca, the local Muslims (Ansar), and the Jews of the area signed an agreement, the Constitution of Medina, which committed all parties to mutual cooperation under the leadership of Muhammad.