mentalization-based treatment

Examples of mentalization-based treatment in the following topics:

• Defining Psychology

  • This field ultimately aims to benefit society, partly through its focus on better understanding of mental health and mental illness.
  • The resulting knowledge is then applied to various spheres of human activity, including the problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
  • Clinical psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders and mental illness.
  • Psychologists working in a clinical capacity (such as therapists or counselors) work with clients who are struggling with mental illness to assess, diagnose, and implement various forms of therapeutic treatment.
  • Much of this treatment is based on clinical research.

• Classifying Abnormal Behavior: The DSM

  • The first version of the DSM was created in response to the large-scale involvement of psychiatrists in the treatment, processing, and assessment of World War II soldiers.
  • One of the strengths of the DSM is its use in researching and developing evidence-based treatments.
  • As studies get published, mental-health service providers learn how to incorporate the most evidence-based treatments into their practice.
  • Providers must often use the DSM in order to get coverage for their clients from insurance companies, which require certain DSM diagnoses for treatment.
  • It claims to collect them together based on statistical or clinical patterns.

• Body-Oriented Psychotherapies

  • Body-oriented psychotherapies focus on the importance of working with the body in the treatment of mental health issues.
  • Psychotherapists employ a range of techniques based on experiential relationship-building, dialogue, communication, and behavior change that are designed to improve the mental health of a client or to improve family or group relationships (such as in a family).
  • Body-oriented therapies are based on the principles of somatic psychology, which was founded by Wilhelm Reich in the 1930s.
  • EMDR is commonly used in the treatment of psychological trauma, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD).
  • Hatha yoga has been studied as an intervention for many mental health conditions, including stress and depression.

• Mental Health

  • Different classes have different levels of access to treatment and encounter different mental health stressors.
  • Mental health describes a level of psychological well-being or the presence/absence of a mental disorder.
  • Members of different social classes often hold different views on mental health.
  • Similarly, different social classes have different levels of access to mental health interventions and to information about mental health.
  • Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders varies widely by social class.

• Psychological Pricing

  • Psychological pricing or price ending is a marketing practice based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact.
  • Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors.
  • Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
  • While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity.
  • Psychological pricing or price ending is a marketing practice based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact.

• Influences of Culture and Gender in Psychotherapy

  • Cultural and gender norms significantly shape how mental illness as well as therapy and various other treatment methods are perceived.
  • For example, a counselor whose treatment focuses on individual decision-making may be ineffective at helping a Chinese client with a collectivist approach (or more group-based approach) to problem-solving (Sue, 2004).
  • Therapists who use multicultural therapy work with clients to obtain and integrate information about their cultural patterns into a unique treatment approach based on their particular situation.
  • This approach also examines how certain ethnicities in the United States are less likely to access mental health services than their White middle-class American counterparts.
  • Barriers to treatment include lack of insurance, transportation, and time; cultural views that mental illness is a stigma; fears about treatment; and language barriers.

• Introduction to Biomedical Therapies

  • The mind and body are viewed as connected; poor physical health leads to poor mental health, and vice versa.
  • "Pharmacotherapy" refers to the use of medications in biomedical treatment.
  • Another biologically based treatment that continues to be used, although infrequently, is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT; formerly known by the unscientific name "electroshock therapy").
  • Psychosurgery, also called neurosurgery for mental disorder (NMD), is the neurosurgical treatment of mental illness.
  • These studies may compare outcomes of treatment with multiple medications.

• Feeding Disorders

  • Feeding disorders are a type of eating disorder that prevents the consumption of certain foods, often based on color, texture, or other factors.
  • When the disorder occurs concurrently with another medical or mental condition, the disturbance must exceed what is normally caused by that condition.
  • Some children with ARFID benefit from a four stage in-home treatment program based on the principles of systematic desensitization.
  • The four stages of the treatment include record, reward, relax, and review:
  • Children with feeding disorders may refuse to eat certain foods based on color, texture, temperature, or other factors.

• Prisons and Asylums

  • This replaced earlier, more traditional forms of community-based punishment such as penal servitude, banishment, and public shaming such as the pillory.
  • In England and Europe, mental illness came to be viewed as a disorder that required compassionate treatment to aid in the rehabilitation of the victim.
  • When the ruling monarch of the United Kingdom, George III, who suffered from a mental disorder, experienced a remission in 1789, mental illness also came to be seen as something that could be treated and cured.
  • The introduction of moral treatment was initiated independently by the French doctor Philippe Pinel and the English Quaker William Tuke.
  • The outcome of her lobbying was a bill to expand the state's mental hospital in Worcester.

• Decision Making

  • Heuristics are simple rules of thumb that people often use to form judgments and make decisions; think of them as mental shortcuts.
  • This is called the base-rate fallacy, and it is the cause of many negative stereotypes based on outward appearance.
  • It remains when the subjects are offered money as an incentive to be accurate, or when they are explicitly told not to base their judgment on the anchor.
  • Treatment A was predicted to result in 400 deaths, whereas Treatment B had a 33% chance that no one would die but a 66% chance that everyone would die.
  • Negative framing: "Treatment A will let 400 people die; Treatment B has a 33% chance of no one dying and a 66% chance of everyone dying."